neuropharm basics Flashcards
(18 cards)
excess glutamate can lead to?
excitotoxicity (ALS, AD, neuropathic pain)
glutamate ionotropic or metabotropic?
both
glutamate secreted by
pyramidal cells
three important types of ionotropic glutamate receptors
- NMDA
- AMPA
- Kainate
name two NMDA receptor antagonists
- PCP
- ketamine
explain the regulation of the NMDA receptor
- needs glycine as a co-agonist
- modulated by Zn and polyamines
- blocked by Mg at RMP
- Ca permeability, acts as messenger
explain metabotropic glutamate receptors
- groups I-III
- act through G protein coupled receptors
- regulate Ca or adenyl cyclase in cell
GABA synthesis
from glutamate by GAD
important drugs that work through GABA receptors
- benzos
- barbiturates
- alcohol
- general anesthetics
important features of GABA-a receptors
- ionotropic
- a-subunit opens Cl channel
- hyperpolarization
features of GABA-b receptors
- metabotropic (G protein coupled channel)
- opens K
- closes Ca
- efflux of K causes hyper polarization
features of GABA-c receptors
- ionotropic
- only one type of subunit
- opens Cl channels
- expression in retinal, spinal cord, pituitary
- not modulated by benzos etc.
major subcategories of monoamines
- serotonin
- catecholamines
- histamine
- tryptamines (5-HT and melatonin)
dopamine (DA) where made and what involved in?
- ventral tegmental area and substantial nigra
- behavior, cognition, movement, motivation, reward, addiction
dopamine receptors types
D1 and D5 - increase adenylyl cyclase - excitatory
D2-4 - increase phosphodiesterase - inhibitory
what’s the difference between metabotropic and ionotropic receptors?
- ionotropic - opening of ion channel
- metabotropic - secondary messengers, metabolic pathways, g-proteins
inhibitory and excitatory amino acid NTs
excitatory - glutamate, aspartate
inhibitory - GABA, glycine
nicotinic vs muscarinic receptors
nicotinic - ionotropic
muscarinic - metabotropic
both ACh receptors
