Neurotransmitters

Question 1

4 monoamines

Answer 1

NE, Serotonin, Dopamine, Histamine

Question 2

2 Amino acid NTs

Answer 2

glu and GABA

Question 3

main inhibitory NT

Answer 3

GABA

Question 4

main exitatory NT

Answer 4

glu

Question 5

ligand gated ion channels are what speed

Answer 5

fast

Question 6

G-protein gated recptors are what speed

Answer 6

slow

Question 7

type of synaptic transmission triggered by a single depolarization

Answer 7

ligand-gated ion channel

Question 8

type of synaptic transmission triggered by prolonged or repetitive depolarization

Answer 8

G-protein

Question 9

GABA is a derivative of:

Answer 9

Glutamate

Question 10

example neuropeptide

Answer 10

substance P

Question 11

depolarizing is (exitatory/inhibitory)

Answer 11

exititory

Question 12

hyperpolarizing is (exitatory/inhibitory)

Answer 12

inhibitory

Question 13

location of nACh receptors

Answer 13

PNS along NMJs

Question 14

location of mACh receotors

Answer 14

CNS (brain and autonomic ganglia)

Question 15

location of Glu neurons

Answer 15

CNS interneurons, primary sensory neurons, pyrimidal cells of cortex

Question 16

location of GABA neurons

Answer 16

CNS interneurons, purkinje cells, Basal ganglia, thalmus

Question 17

receptor in learning

Answer 17

NMDA glutamate receptor

Question 18

define synaptic plasticity

Answer 18

regulation of strength of connection between 2 synapses

Question 19

required for NMDA to fire

Answer 19

both glu/NMDA AND depolarization

Question 20

causes exitotoxiity

Answer 20

too much glu.

Question 21

cause/result of glu toxicity

Answer 21

anoxia from stroke/causes excessive Ca++ intake by the neuron - reults in injury and death

Question 22

action of GABA

Answer 22

hyper-polarizes cells by allowing influx of Cl-

Question 23

cause of huntington’s

Answer 23

destruction of GABAergic neurons in BG

Question 24

neuropathology of tetanus and strychnine poisoning

Answer 24

toxin inhibits presynaaptic GABA release

Question 25

cause of "Stiff-person" syndrome

Answer 25

antibodies to GAD (glutamic acid decarboxylase) from autoimmune or paraneoplastic syndrome

Question 26

excessive ___ can cause seizures

Answer 26

glu

Question 27

treatment for glu toxicity

Answer 27

more GABA (benzos)

Question 28

nuclei producting dopamine

Answer 28

substantia nigra

Question 29

D2 involved in _____ tract

Answer 29

nigrostrial

Question 30

D2 needed for

Answer 30

smooth fluid muscle action

Question 31

D1 involved in ____ tract

Answer 31

mesolimbic

Question 32

D1 neeed for

Answer 32

fear and reward responses

Question 33

Parkinsons results from death of cells in

Answer 33

pars compacta within substantia nigra

Question 34

cocaine/meth results in reward dysfunction by

Answer 34

blocking dopamine re-uptake and release of more dopamine

Question 35

excessive dopamine can cause

Answer 35

paranoia, hallucinations, delusions, disorginized thoughts

Question 36

rate limiting step in dopamine synthesis

Answer 36

L-tyrosine to L-Dopa

Question 37

enzyme in rate limiting step of dopamine synthesis

Answer 37

trysine hydroxylase

Question 38

DOC in Parkinsons

Answer 38

L-Dopa

Question 39

conditions from low dopamine

Answer 39

parkinsons and ADHD/Depression

Question 40

conditions from too high dopamine

Answer 40

schizophrenia

Question 41

nuclei of serotonin origin

Answer 41

raphe nucleus

Question 42

targets of serotonin

Answer 42

frontal cortex, striatum, nucleus accumbens

Question 43

serotin receptor type

Answer 43

5HT-1,2,3

Question 44

receptor involved in mood, appetite, energy, and sexual function

Answer 44

5-HT1&2

Question 45

receptor involved in nausea

Answer 45

5-HT3

Question 46

name of the vomiting center in brain

Answer 46

area prostema

Question 47

rate limiting step of serotonin synthesis

Answer 47

L-tryptophan to 5-HTP

Question 48

enzyme in rate limiting step of serotinin synthesis

Answer 48

TPH

Question 49

NT lacking in major depressive disorder

Answer 49

serotonin

Question 50

DOC for major depressive disorder

Answer 50

SSRI

Question 51

DOC for anxiety disorder

Answer 51

SSRI

Question 52

DOC for nausea

Answer 52

ondansentron

Question 53

sx of serotonin toxicity

Answer 53

headache, delirium, hyperthermia, hypertension, tremor, hyperreflexia, clonus

Question 54

food and drug combo that can cause serotonin toxicity

Answer 54

cheese and MAOIs

Question 55

drugs of abuse that target serotonin receptors

Answer 55

LSD, MDMA

Question 56

area producing NE

Answer 56

locus ceruleus

Question 57

target areas of NE

Answer 57

frontal/limbic cortex, spinal column

Question 58

locus ceruleus degeneration can cause what disease

Answer 58

parkinson's

Question 59

cocaine inhibits reuptake of which NTs

Answer 59

NE and dopamine

Question 60

ACh nuclei of origin

Answer 60

nucleus basilis of mynert/pedunculopontine nucleus

Question 61

pedunculpontine tract projects to

Answer 61

thalmus, BG, frontal cortex

Question 62

loss of ACh tracts associated with what disease

Answer 62

alzehimer's

Question 63

NT heavily associated with limbic system and homeostasis

Answer 63

ACh

Question 64

poisons that can cause ACh toxicity

Answer 64

sarin/organophosphates

Question 65

Sx of ACh toxicity

Answer 65

SLUDGE (salivation, lacrimation, urination, defication, GI upset, Emesis)

Question 66

drug that causes anticholigenergic toxicity

Answer 66

atropine, anti nausea, anti depressents, anti-histamine, anti-psychotics

Question 67

sx of anticholinergic toxicity

Answer 67

"hot as a hare, blind as a bat, dry as a bone, mad as a hatter"