Nosocomial infections Flashcards

1
Q

Antibiotic use

A
  • Clostridium difficile
  • Watery diarrhea
  • Leukocytosis
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2
Q

Aspiration (secondary to altered mental status or old age)

A
  • Polymicrobial, gram (-) bacteria, often anaerobes
  • Right lower lobe infiltrate or right upper/middle lobe (patient recumbent)
  • Purulent, malodorous sputum
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3
Q

Decubitus ulcers, surgical wounds, drains

A
  • S aures (including MRSA), gram (-) anaerobes (Bacteroids, Prevotella, Fusobacterium)
  • Erythema, tenderness, induration, drainage from surgical wound sites
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4
Q

Intravascular catheters

A
  • S aureus (including MRSA), S epidermidis (long term), Enterobacter
  • Erythema, induration, tenderness, drainage from access sites
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5
Q

Mechanical ventilation, endotracheal intubation

A
  • Late onset: P aeruginosa, Klebsiella, Acinetobacter, S aureus
  • New infiltrate on CXR, increased sputum production
  • Sweet odor (P aeruginosa)
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6
Q

Renal dialysis unit, needlestick

A
  • HBV
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7
Q

Urinary catheterization

A
  • E coli, Klebsiella, Proteus spp.
  • Dysuria
  • Leukocytosis
  • Flank pain or costovertebral angle tenderness
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8
Q

Water aerosols

A
  • Legionella

- Signs of pneumonia, GI symptoms (nausea, vomiting), neurologic abnormalities, diarrhea, hyponatremia

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