Gastrointestinal regulatory substances Flashcards

(36 cards)

1
Q

Source of gastrin

A

G cells (antrum of stomach, duodenum)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Action of gastrin

A
  • ↑ gastric H+ secretion
  • ↑ growth of gastric mucosa
  • ↑ gastric motility
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Regulation of gastrin

A
  • ↑ by stomach distention/ alkalinization, amino acids, peptides, vagal stimulation via gastrin releasing peptide (GRP)
  • ↓ by pH
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Source of somatostatin

A

D cells (pancreatic islets, GI mucosa)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Action of somatostatin

A
  • ↓ gastric and pepsinogen secretion
  • ↓ pancreatic and small intestine fluid secretion
  • ↓ gallbladder contraction
  • ↓ insulin and glucagon release
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Regulation of somatostatin

A
  • ↑ by acid

- ↓ by vagal stimulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Source of cholecystokinin

A

I cell (duodenum, jejunum)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Action of cholecystokinin

A
  • ↑ pancreatic secretion
  • ↑ gallbladder contraction
  • ↓ gastric emptying
  • ↑ sphincter of Oddi relaxation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Regulation of cholecystokinin

A

↑ by fatty acids and amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Source of secretin

A

S cells (duodenum)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Action of secretin

A
  • ↑ pancreatic HCO3- secretion
  • ↓ gastric acid secretion
  • ↑ bile secretion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Regulation of secretin

A

↑ by acid, fatty acids in lumen of duodenum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Sources of glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide

A

K cells (duodenum, jejunum)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Action of glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide

A
  • Exocrine: ↓ gastric H+ secretion

- Endocrine: ↑ insulin release

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Regulation of glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide

A

↑ by fatty acids, amino acids and oral glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Source of motilin

A

Small intestine

17
Q

Action of motilin

A

Produces migrating motor complexes (MMCs)

18
Q

Regulation of motilin

A

↑ in fasting state

19
Q

Sources of vasoactive intestinal peptide

A

Parasympathetic ganglia in sphincters, gallbladder, and small intestine

20
Q

Action of vasoactive intestinal peptide

A
  • ↑ intestinal water and electrolyte secretion

- ↑ relaxation of intestinal smooth muscle and sphincters

21
Q

Regulation of vasoactive intestinal peptide

A
  • ↑ by distention and vagal stimulation

- ↓ by adrenergic input

22
Q

Action of nitric oxide

A

↑ smooth muscle relaxation, including lower esophageal sphincter (LES)

23
Q

Source of ghrelin

24
Q

Action of ghrelin

25
Regulation of ghrelin
- ↑ in fasting state | - ↓ by food
26
Source of intrinsic factor
Parietal cells (stomach)
27
Action of intrinsic factor
Vitamin B12 binding protein required for B12 uptake in the terminal ileum
28
Source of gastric acid
Parietal cells (stomach)
29
Action of gastric acid
↓ stomach pH
30
Regulation of gastric acid
- ↑ by histamine, ACh, gastrin | - ↓ by somatostatin, glucose-dependent insulionotropic peptide (GIP), prostaglandin, secretin
31
Source of pepsin
Chief cells (stomach)
32
Action of pepsin
Protein digestion
33
Regulation of pepsin
↑ by vagal stimulation and local acid
34
Source of bicarbonate
- Mucosal cells (stomach, duodenum, salivary glands, pancreas) - Brunner glands (duodenum)
35
Action of bicarbonate
Neutralizes acid
36
Regulation of bicarbonate
↑ by pancreatic and biliary secretion with secretin