NREMT Flashcards
(500 cards)
1
Q
AAA (abdominal aortic aneurysm)
A
Fatal, blood leaks into heart vessel
An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a bulge or swelling in the aorta, the main blood vessel that runs from the heart down through the chest and tummy. An AAA can be dangerous if it is not spotted early on. It can get bigger over time and could burst (rupture), causing life-threatening bleeding.
2
Q
Abandonment
A
Termination of care without patients consent without provisions for care transfer
3
Q
Abdomen
A
Cavity, from diaphragm to pelvis
4
Q
Abdominal Thrust Maneuver
A
Heimlich
5
Q
abduction
A
Motion away from midline
6
Q
abrasion
A
scrape, loss of superficial layer of skin
7
Q
abruptio placentae
A
premature separation of the placenta from uteral wall
8
Q
absorption
A
medication travels through the body until they reach the bloodstream
9
Q
AC Joint
A
scapula and clavicle meet
10
Q
accessory muscles
A
secondary muscles of respiration
11
Q
acetabulum
A
depression of the lateral pelvis, 3 bone components join
12
Q
acetylsalicylic acid
A
medication that is antipyretic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory and a potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation
13
Q
Antipyretic
A
Fever Reducer
14
Q
analgesic
A
reduce pain
15
Q
anti-inflammatory
A
reduces inflammation
16
Q
acidosis
A
buildup of excess acids in body or in body tissues
17
Q
acromioclavicular Joint
A
The acromioclavicular (AC) joint isformed by the cap of the shoulder (acromion) and the collar bone (clavicle).
18
Q
Acute Coronary Syndrome / ACS
A
Group of symptoms caused by myocardial ischemia, includes angina and myocardial infarction
Any condition brought on by a sudden reduction or blockage of blood flow to the heart.
Acute coronary syndrome is most often caused by plaque rupture or clot formation in the heart’s
19
Q
action
A
therapeutic effect of medication
20
Q
active compression-decompression CPR
A
CPR
21
Q
acute abdomen
A
pain in abdomen, usually peritonitis, urgent
22
Q
acute coronary syndrome
A
Group of symptoms caused by myocardial ischemia, includes angina and myocardial infarction
23
Q
acute myocardial infarction
A
heart attack, death of heart tissue following obstruction to blood flow
24
Q
acute
A
immediate
25
acute stress reactions
reactions to stress
26
adduction
movement towards the midline
27
adenosine triphosphate / ATP
nucleotide that is used to store energy
28
adolescent
person 12 - 18 years old
29
adrenal glands
endocrine glands, top of kidney, release adrenaline when stimulated by sympathetic nervous system
30
adrenergic
pertaining to nerves that release a neurotransmitter norepinephrine or noradrenaline
31
advance directives
medical treatment if a patient is unable to make decisions
32
adventitious breath sounds
abnormal breathing, wheeze, stridor, rhonchi and crackles
33
aerobic metabolism
metabolism that proceeds with oxygen
34
aerosol-generating procedure
airway manipulation that includes the production of aerosols that may present airbourne risk
35
afterload
force of heart pumps
36
aging
covalent bond
37
agonal gasps
slow, gasping breaths, typical cardiac arrest
38
agonist
med that causes stimulation of receptors
39
air embolism
presence of air in veins, can lead to cardiac arrest
40
airway
upper airway, above larynx, nose and mouth
41
algor mortis
assuming room temperature
42
alkalosis
lack of acids in body fluids
43
allergic
causes allergic reactions
44
ATLE
causes unresponsiveness, cyanosis and apnea in an infant
45
alveolar minute volume
volume of air moved in lungs in one min. Tidal volume x respiratory rate
46
alveolar ventilation
volume of air that reaches the alveoli. Dead space - tidal volume
47
alveoli
air sacs in lung where exchange of O2 and CO2 takes place
48
AMI
Acute myocardial infarction
49
amniotic sac
baglike membrane a fetus develops in
50
amputation
removal of limb
51
anaerobic metabolism
metabolism, lack of oxygen, product is lactic acid
52
anaphylactic shock
shock by allergic reaction
53
anaphylaxis
life threat,
54
anemic
too few red blood cells, improper oxygen transportation
55
aneurysm
enlargement of the blood vessel wall, weakens
56
angina pectoris
short lived chest discomfort caused by partial block of blood flow to the heart muscle, AKA angina \
57
angioedema
swelling beneath skin, usually eyes or lips
58
anisocoria
natural uneven pupils
59
antagonist
medication that binds to a receptor and block other meds
60
anterograde amnesia
can't remember events after injury
61
anthrax
Deadly, bacillus anthracis, dormant at room temp,
62
antibiotic
med to treat infection caused by bacterium
63
anticoagulant
impairs blood clotting
64
antidote
neutralize or counteract a poison
65
Antidote treatment nerve agent auto-injector
nerve agent antidote kit containing atropine and pralidoxime, one needle
66
antiplatelet
prevents blood platelets from clumping
67
Antipyretic
reduce fever
68
antivenin
counteracts venom
69
aorta
main artery, left of heart, carry oxygenated blood to body
70
aortic aneurysm
weakness in aortic wall, susceptible to rupture
71
aortic valve
one way valve, between left ventricle and aorta, prevents backflow of blood
72
apex
point
73
apgar score
scoring, status of newborn, value of 5 areas
74
aphasia
can't understand/produce speech
75
apnea
absent spontaneous breathing
76
apneic oxygenation
oxy from high-flow nasal cannula left in during intubation for continuous oxygenation
77
artery
carries blood from hear, 3 layer
78
articular cartilage
covers end of joints in synovial joints
79
artifact
tracing on an EKG due to interference rather than hear
80
ASA/Acetylsalicylic Acid
Antipyretic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-clot of platelets (Ecotrin, Aspirin)
81
Ascites
accumulation of excess fluid in the peritoneal cavity
82
ASD/Autism Spectrum Disorder
disorder of brain development, social interaction, verbal/non-verbal
83
aspiration
vomitus, foreign material in lungs
84
aspirin
ASA
85
assault
placing in fear of harm
86
asthma
spasm of smaller air passage (bronchioles), excess mucus
87
asystole
absence of all heart electrical activity
88
ataxic respirations
irregular/ineffective respirations, possible no pattern
89
atelectasis
collapse of the alveolar space in lungs
90
atherosclerosis
cholesterol / calcium buildup in blood vessels, can lead to infarction
91
atrium
one of two upper heart chamber
92
automatic transport ventilator / ATV
Vent device, control box, allows ventilation variables
93
aura
sensation before seizure
94
auscultate
listen with a stethoscope
95
automaticity
cardiac muscles contract without stimulation
96
autonomic nervous system
part of nervous system, controls involuntary body functions
97
avulsion
flap of soft tissue
98
axial loading injury
injury on spine, entire length
99
axial plane
top and bottom plane
100
axons
extensions of a neuron
101
B-NICE
Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) Biologic, nuclear, incendiary, chemical and explosive
102
bacteria
microorganism, reproduce by binary fission, can form spores
103
bacterial vaginosis
fishy, bacteria in vagina
104
Bag-mask device
one way valve, when reservoir and connected to 02, 90% o2 is applied
105
bariatrics
obesity
106
barotrauma
injury caused by pressure to organs
107
battle sign
bruise behind hear, over mastoid process, indicate skull fracture
108
bends
decompression sickness
109
bioethics
healthcare ethics
110
blanch
to turn white
111
blood pressure
pressure on vessel walls as blood passes through
112
bloody show
blood in vagina, implies start of labor
113
blow-out fracture
fracture of orbit or similar bones
114
botulinum
produced by bacteria , most potent neurotoxin known, causes botulism
115
brachial artery
arm artery
116
brachycardia
slow heart rate, < 60/bpm
117
bradypnea
slow respiratory rate, sign in a child that indicates impending respiratory arrest
118
brainstem
area of brain between spinal cord and cerebrum
119
breath-holding syncope
loss of consciousness caused by decreased breathing
120
breech
delivery, buttocks first
121
bronchial breath sounds
normal breath sounds
122
bronchioles
smaller bronchi
123
bronchiolitis
RSV (respiratory syncytial virus), inflammation of the bronchioles, usually children < 2/yr
124
buboes
enlarged lymph nodes, bubonic plague
125
calcaneus
heel bone
126
capillaries
small blood vessels, connects arterioles and venules
127
capillary refill
test, evaluates distal circulatory
128
capillary vessels
permit transfer of oxygen, co2 and nutrients
129
capnometry
use of capnometer, evaluates expired co2
130
carboys
containers, 5 - 15 gal
131
cardiac output / CO
measure of blood circulated in 1 min. Stroke volume x Heart Rate
132
cardiac tamponade
compression of heart due to fluid in pericardial sac, lower cardiac output
133
cardiogenic shock
not enough oxy to tissues of body. complication of large acute myocardial infarction
134
cardiopulmonary resuscitation
CPR
135
carnia
trachea bifurcates (divides) into left and right main stem bronchi
136
carotid artery
artery to head and brain
137
carpals
wrist bones
138
cavitation
speed, bullet pressure waves
139
cellular metabolism
chemical reaction that supplies cells with energy
140
central neurogenic hyperventilation
deep, rapid breathing, without acetone breath odor
141
cerebellum
little brain, fine body movements
142
cerebral edema
swelling of brain
143
cerebral palsy
poor control of body movement
144
cerebrovascular accident / CVA
stroke
145
cerebrum
largest part of brain, grey matter, hearing, speech, balance, vision etc
146
cervical spine
first 7 vertebrae in neck
147
cervix
neck of the uterus
148
chemoreceptors
monitor the levels of oxygen, co2 and pH of CSF and provides feedback
149
chest compression fraction
total percentage of time of active chest compression s
150
cheyne-stokes respirations
cyclical breathing, abnormal, increase and decrease in depth, followed by period of apnea
151
congestive heart failure / CHF
heart loses part of pump ability, fluid into lungs
152
cholecystitis
gallbladder inflammation
153
chordae tendineae
prevents heart from inverting
154
chronic bronchitis
irritation of major lung passages
155
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease / COPD
chronic obstruction of lung airflow
156
chyme
substance that leaves the stomach
157
Central Nervous System
brain and spinal cord
158
coagulation
clotting of blood
159
cold zone
safe area at HazMat incidents
160
colostomy
creates stoma (opening between colon and body surface)
161
commotio cordis
blunt chest injury caused by sudden blow in critical portion of heartbeat
162
compartment syndrome
swelling of a combined space
163
compassion fatigue
lessening of compassion
164
compensated shock
early shock, can compensate for blood loss
165
concussion
temporary loss or alteration of part or all of brain ability without brain damage
166
conjunctivita
membrane that lines the eyelids
167
conjunctivitis
inflammation of the conjunctivita
168
continuous positive airway pressure / CPAP
ventilation of critical patients with respiratory distress, may prevent intubation
169
contraindications
condition, may make meds or treatment inappropriate and may cause harm
170
contusion
bleeding beneath the skin, bruise ecchymosis
171
conventional reasoning
child looks for approval
172
cornea
transparent layer of eye
173
coronal plane
front and back plan e
174
coronary arteries
carry blood and nutrients to heart
175
coup-contrecoup brain injury
brain injury when force causes injury to opposite side of initial injury
176
coxae
hip bones, coxa (singular)
177
CQI
internal and external reviews
178
crackles
crackling, rattling, fluid in air spaces
179
cranium
8 bones of the skull
180
crepitus
bone-on-bone rubbing
181
cricoid cartilage
firm ridge, lower part of larynx
182
cricothyroid membrane
connects thyroid and cricoid cartilage
183
Croup
inflammation of the upper respiratory airway, may cause partial obstructions
184
crush syndrome
trapped body parts for long period of time
185
cultural imposition
impose beliefs due to belief that theirs is superior
186
cyanide
agent, effects oxygen use
187
cyanosis
blue color,
188
cystitis
bladder inflammation
189
danger (hot) zone
high danger
190
DCAP-BTLS
Deform, Contusions, Abrasions, Punctures/Penetrate, Burn, Tender, Lacerations, Swelling
191
Dead Space
space that does not participate in gas exchange
192
decay
unstable attempts to stabilize by changing structure
193
decompensated shock
late shock, blood pressure falls
194
decubitus ulcers
sores by pressure of skin against surface for long period of time / bedsores
195
deep venous thrombosis
forming of a blood clot within the large veins of an extremity followed by prolonged immobilization
196
delirium tremens / DT
withdrawal of alcoholics. Restless, fever, sweating, seizures. Can be fatal
197
dependent edema
swelling of ground-most body parts, collection of fluid in tissues, sign of Congestive Heart Failure
198
dependent lividity
blood settling in lowest part of body, definitive sign of death
199
depositions
oral questions, under oath
200
dermis
inner layer of skin
201
diabetes mellitus
lack of insulin
202
diabetic ketoacidosis / DKA
hyperglycemia, accumulation of acids
203
diaphoretic
light or profuse sweating
204
diastole
relax of the heart
205
diastolic pressure
pressure that remains during heart relaxation
206
diffusion
movement of gas. High -> Low
207
dilation
widening
208
diphtheria
pseudomembrane forms in larynx
209
direct injury
brain injury
210
direct laryngoscopy
look at airway with a laryngoscope
211
dirty bomb
radiologic explosive
212
displaced fracture
fracture which bone fragments separate
213
dissecting aneurysm
layers of an artery separate
214
distributive shock
widespread dilation of smaller arterioles
215
diverticulitis
inflammation of the small pockets in the intestines
216
diving reflex
slowing of heart rate in cold water
217
dysarthria
slurring of speech
218
dyspnea
shortness of breath
219
dysrhythmia
abnormal heart rhythm
220
early adult
19 - 40 years old
221
Evidence Based Medicine / EBM
approach to medicine, well-conducted research, science based medicine
222
ecchymosis
blood beneath skin, bruise
223
eclampsia
pregnancy complication, hypertension (systolic > 140 mm Hg or diastolic = > 90 mm Hg), seizure activity, blurred vision, headache or protein in
urine. Preeclampsia is different with no seizure activity
224
ectopic pregnancy
pregnancy that develops in the fallopian tubes; outside of uterus
225
edema
swelling; fluid between cells in body tissues
226
embolus
blood clot or substance that travels to a blood vessel where blockage occurs
227
embryo
first 10 week fetus
228
emesis
vomiting
229
emphysema
destruction of the pulmonary alveoli with poor gas exchange, one form of COPD
230
end tidal co2
co2 at the end of a breath
231
endocrine glands
glands that release or secrete chemical s
232
endocrine system
message and control system of the body
233
endometrium
uterus lining
234
endotracheal intubation
tube through the larynx
235
enteral medications
digestive entered medications
236
envenomation
injecting venom
237
enzymes
speed up biochemical reactions
238
epidermis
outer layer of skin
239
epidural hematoma
blood between skull and dura mater
240
epiglottis
separates food and liquid from entering the airway
241
epiglottitis
upper airway obstruction due to inflammation of the epiglottis
242
epilepsy
abnormal electrical charges; causes seizures
243
epinephrine
medication that increases heart rate and blood pressure; eases breathing problems; adrenaline ; drug of choice for anaphylactic reactions
244
epistaxis
nosebleed
245
esophageal intubation
improper intubation; into the esophagus
246
esophagus
from pharynx into the stomach ; propels food to stomach
247
ET Intubation
insertion of an endotracheal tube to the vocal cords to protect the airway
248
eustachian tube
connects middle ear to the oropharynx
249
eustress
positive response to stress
250
evisceration
organs outside of the body
251
excited delirium
behavioral condition; agitated, delusions or hallucinations
252
exhalation
forcing air out of the lungs
253
expiratory reserve volume
normal air exhaled ~ 1,200mL in adults
254
external auditory canal
ear canal
255
external respiration
exchange of gas between cells and pulmonary capillaries ( pulmonary respirations )
256
fallopian tubes
connect ovaries with the uterus
257
false motion
movement where there is no joint; free movement
258
fascia
fiber-like tissues; covers arteries, veins, tendons and ligaments
259
febrile seizures
high fever seizures; common in children
260
femoral artery
thigh artery
261
femoral head
proximal end of the femur
262
fetal alcohol syndrome
consumption of alcohol in pregnancy, growth and physical and mental problems in the child
263
first degree burn
only the epidermis in an burn
264
flail chest
2 or more adjacent ribs in 2 or more places in association with the sternum; chest detachment
265
flash burn
explosion heat
266
flank
below rib cage, and above hip
267
flexion
bending of a joint
268
flutter valve
air to leave chest but not return; taping 3 sides of a chest seal
269
focal seizure
limited portion of the brain seizure
270
fontanelles
soft spot of an infant; < 18 months
271
foramen magnum
brain connects to the spinal cord; large opening of the skull
272
fowler
head of bed is raised
273
frontal bones
forehead bones
274
frontal plane
front and back plane
275
full thickness burns
all skin layers, muscle and bones burn
276
functional disorder
no known physiologic reason for abnormal function
277
fundus
dome shape top of the uterus
278
G agents
sarin, soman and tabun agents
279
GA
one of G agents
280
gallbladder
collects bile from liver and discharges
281
gastric distention
air fills the stomach ; usually due to high volume and pressure during artificial ventilation
282
gastroesophageal reflux disease / GERD
acid reflux
283
Glasgow Coma Scale / GCS Score
tool to evaluate consciousness; scoring of Eye opening, verballity, motor response; predicts patient outcomes
284
General Adaptation Syndrome
alarm response, reaction, resistance and recovery and sometimes exhaustion
285
generalized seizure
all of body muscles
286
geriatrics
65+ year old
287
germinal layer
deepest layer of the epidermis
288
gestational diabetes
pregnancy; no diabetes before pregnancy
289
gestational hypertension
hypertension (systolic > 140 mm Hg or diastolic = > 90 mm Hg), no hypertension before pregnancy
290
glenoid fossa
part of the scapula; joins with the glenohumeral joint
291
globe
eyeball
292
glottis
space between vocal cords
293
glucose
sugar; fuel for cellular metabolism
294
Golden Hour
time of injury to definitive care; survival is best with shock and trauma injuries
295
Good air exchange
able to cough, wheeze
296
greater trochanter
proximal side of thigh, below hip joint
297
guarding
spasm; minimize pain; sign of peritonitis
298
gum elastic bougie
tool inserted into the glottis
299
H
vesicant; brown-yellow oil; smells of garlic
300
hay fever
allergic response; outdoor allergens; allergic rhinitis
301
health care proxy
advance directive; appoints another person to make treatment decisions
302
heat cramps
muscle spasms in heat
303
heat exhaustion
fluid/electrolyte loss due to heavy sweat
304
heat stroke
life threat; hypothermia due to exposure to heat
305
hematemesis
vomiting blood
306
hematology
study related to blood disorders
307
hematoma
mass of blood that collects in damaged tissue
308
hematuria
blood in urine
309
hemiparesis
weakness of one side of body
310
hemoglobin
oxygen carrying protein in red blood cells
311
hemophilia
blood that does not clot
312
hemopneumothorax
blood and air in the pleural space of chest
313
hemoptysis
coughing of blood
314
hemorrhage
bleeding
315
hemorrhagic stroke
bleed inside brain that causes stroke
316
hemostatic dressing
dressing that has a clot chemical
317
hemothorax
collection of blood in the pleural cavity
318
hepatitis
inflammation of the liver
319
hernia
protrusion of an organ / tissue through an abnormal body opening
320
HHNS
high blood glucose; older people ; mental status, dehydrating and organ damage
321
histamines
chemicals released my immune system in allergic reactions
322
homeostasis
balance of body systems
323
hormones
chemicals that regulate body functions
324
hydrostatic pressure
pressure of water against walls of its container
325
hymenoptera
bees, wasps, ants, yellow jackets
326
hypercapnia
hypercarbia; high level of CO2 in blood stream
327
hyperglycemia
high blood sugar
328
Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome / HHNS
high blood glucose; older people ; mental status, dehydrating and organ damage; diabetic coma
329
hypertension
high blood pressure
330
hypertensive emergency
high blood pressure emergency
331
hyperthermia
body temp to 101 or higher
332
hyperventilation
rapid/deep breathing; lowers the blood CO2 below normal
333
hyperventilation syndrome
40 shallow breaths/min or 20 deep breaths/min
334
hypnotic
sleep inducing effect or agent
335
hypoglycemia
low blood glucose
336
hypoperfusion
shock due to blood loss
337
hypotension
low blood pressure
338
hypothermia
body temp below 95
339
hypovolemic shock
low blood volume or massive internal/external bleeding; inadequate perfusion
340
hypoxia/hypoxic
deficient oxygen in tissues
341
hypoxic drive
low oxy blood stimulates respiratory drive
342
ICP
pressure in cranial vault
343
ileostomy
create a stoma
344
ileus
bowel paralysis
345
illium
one of three bones to form pelvic ring
346
IM Injection
Intramuscular
347
immune response
response to foreign bodies
348
immunology
study of immune system
349
impedance threshold device / ITD
limits air into lungs during chest compressions
350
IN
medication through an atomizer
351
in loco parentis
acting as a parent
352
incision
cut in skin
353
inconsistency
loss of bowel/urinary system
354
incubation
exposure to symptom time
355
index of suspicion
awareness of unseen life-threats
356
infarction
death of body tissue; interruption of blood supply
357
inferior vena cava
vein; carries blood from lower into heart
358
inhalation
muscular part of breathing
359
inspiratory reserve volume
inhaled air amount
360
insulin
enables glucose to enter bloodstream
361
intermodal tanks
pressurized/non-pressurized tanks
362
internal respiration
process of gas exchange in cells and tissues
363
interstitial space
space between cell s
364
intracerebral hematoma
bleeding in brain tissue (parenchyma); intraparenchymal hematoma
365
intranasal
MAD (mucosal atomizer device); naris;
366
intraosseous injection
IO; Into the bone
367
intrapulmonary shunting
bypassing of the oxygen poor blood
368
involuntary
not under conscious control
369
ischemia
pre-infarction; lack of blood flow
370
ischemic stroke
stroke; blood flow to a part of the brain is slowed
371
ischium
one of three bones to form pelvic ring
372
jaundice
yellowing of skin ; by liver dysfunction
373
jugular vein distention / JVD
visual bulging of the Jugular vein. fluid overload, pressure in chest. Cardiac tamponade or tension pneumothorax; circulatory or heart problems
374
Kinetic energy
energy of moving object
375
Kussmaul Respirations
deep, rapid breathing. Accumulation of acids when insulin is not available
376
kyphosis
forward curling of spine
377
labia majora
fleshy lips of the vagina w/ pubic hair
378
labia minora
fleshy lips of the vagina w/o pubic hair
379
labored breathing
impaired air movement
380
lacrimal glands
tear glands
381
larynx
voice box. dignifies upper and lower airways
382
lateral plane
left and right plane
383
LDB
lucas device
384
length-based resuscitation tape
estimate child's weight by childs height
385
lesser trochanter
superior part of the femur
386
leukotrienes
chemical that contributes to anaphylaxis
387
lewisite
blistering agent
388
ligaments
bone-bone connection
389
lightening
movement of fetus in late-term pregnancy
390
linear skull fractures
fractures in the temporoparietal region of the skull (side); 80% of fractures; nondisplaced skull fracture
391
liver
solid organ; RUQ; directly below diaphragm; produces bile; stores glucose
392
load-distributing band
band-type lucas device
393
lumbar spine
lower part of the back; lowest 5 non-fused vertebrae; dorsal spine
394
lumen
inside diameter of a hollow structure
395
lymph
straw colored fluid; carries oxy, nutrients, and hormones
396
lymph nodes
filters lymph
397
malleolus
ankle bone
398
mandible
lower jaw
399
manubrium
upper quarter of the sternum
400
Mean arterial pressure / MAP
average pressure during one cardiac cycle
401
mastoid process
1" bony mass, posterior to the ear opening
402
maxillae
upper jaw, holds upper teeth
403
MDI
small canister for oral medications
404
meconium
fetal stool; dark green substance in amniotic fluid; distress/disease in newborn; can be aspirated (blocking airway) during delivery
405
medial
closer to midline
406
mediastinum
located between lungs
407
medulla oblongata
inferior to spinal cord; coordinates HR, breathing, swallowing, etc
408
melena
black. bloody stool
409
menarche
first period
410
meninges
3 protective layers of brain and spinal cords
411
meningitis
Inflammation of the meninges
412
meningococcal meningitis
highly contagious meningitis
413
menopause
cessation (stopping) of menstruation, 4th or 5th decade of life
414
mental model
what's going on
415
metabolism
cellular respiration; production of energy
416
metacarpals
hand bones
417
metatarsals
foot bones
418
metered-dose inhaler
mini-canister, administer medication into lungs via mouth
419
methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus
MrSA,
420
midbrain
controls consciousness
421
midsagittal plane
left/right equal halves
422
Mild airway obstruction
foreign body in airway, but adequate air movement is occurring
423
minute volume
air in and out of lungs in 1 minute
424
miosis
excessively constricted pupil; often bilateral; after nerve agents
425
miscarriage
passage of a fetus before 20 weeks, spontaneous abortion
426
MOI
mechanism of injury; force onto body that causes injury
427
morality
code of conduct
428
moro reflex
grab reflex in children/infants
429
motor nerves
nerves that carry info
430
mucosal atomizer device
device that changes liquid to a spray and pushes into nosil
431
mucous membranes
linings of body cavity that communicates with the environment
432
multigravida
previous pregnancies
433
mutagen
mutates and damages DnA
434
myocardial contractility
ability for heart to contract
435
myocardial contusion
heart bruise
436
myocardium
heart tissue
437
narcotic
drug that produces sleep or altered mental status
438
nares
nostrils (singular = naris)
439
nasal airway / nasopharyngeal airway
nasal adjunct
440
nasal cannula
24%-44% o2 depending on flow rate
441
nasopharynx
pharynx above the mouth roof (palate)
442
National EMS Scope of Practice Model
NHTSA, outlines skills by EMS providers
443
NOI
nature of illness
444
neglect
refusal to care for patient
445
negligence
failure to provide same care as other same-skilled EMTs
446
negligence per se
clear violation of statute
447
neisseria meningitidis
rapid onset meningitis, shock/death
448
neonate
birth-1 month child
449
nephrons
kidney filters
450
neurogenic shock
paralysis of the nerves that control blood vessel size. widespread dilation; common with SCI (spinal cord injuries)
451
neurons
nerve cells
452
neuropathy
nerves leaving spinal cords are damaged
453
neurotoxins
deadliest substance
454
nitroglycerin
medication; increases cardiac perfusion (flow)
455
non-displaced fracture
hairline fracture
456
nonrebreathing mask
mask and reservoir bag system; up to 90% inspired oxygen; prevents inhaling exhaled gasses (co2)
457
norepinephrine
neurotransmitter and drug that is used to treat shock, produces vasoconstriction (constriction of blood vessels)
458
nuchal cord
umbilical cord around infant's neck
459
obesity
excessive body fat
460
obstructive shock
shock that occurs when block to heart blood flow
461
occipital bone
most posterior bone in skull
462
occlusion
blockage of a tubular structure
463
occlusive dressing
airtight; protects wound from air and bacteria
464
older adult
61+ year old person
465
oncotic pressure
pressure of water to move
466
onset of action
time needed from medication administration for effect
467
open pneumothorax
sucking chest wound
468
opiate
natural, non synthetic opioid
469
OPQRST
Pain = onset, provoke/palliation, quality, region/radiate, severity, timing
470
optic nerve
transmits visual info to brain
471
orbit
eye socket
472
organic brain syndrome
temporary/permanent dysfunction of brain
473
oropharyngeal airway
oral adjunct, keeps tongue from blocking airway
474
oropharynx
back of mouth to esophagus
475
osteoporosis
reduction of bone mass; weak bone s
476
OTC Medications
over the counter meds
477
ODT
orally dissolving tablet
478
ovaries
produces ovum (egg)
479
ovulation
ovum is released from a follicle
480
oxygen toxicity
excessive oxygen consumption
481
palmar
palm
482
palmar grasp reflex
infant grasp reflex
483
palpate
touch exam
484
pancreas
flat, solid organ; source of digestive enzymes
485
paradoxical motion
opposite of normal chest wall motion during flail chest
486
parasympathetic nervous system
vegetative functions
487
parenteral meds
meds that enters body by means other than digestive, skin or mucous membranes
488
parietal bones
between temporal and occipital cranium
489
parietal pleura
chest cavity membrane
490
paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
forced to sit up to breathe
491
partial pressure
gas in air
492
partial thickness burns
burn of the epidermis and some dermis but not subcutaneous issue
493
passive ventilation
air moving in-out during chest compressions
494
Pediatric Assessment Triangle / PAT
assessment tool for infants without touching
495
patella
kneecap
496
patent
clear
497
pathogen
microorganism capable of causing disease
498
pathophysiology
study of normal functions being affected by disease
499
Peak
maximum effect of drug period
500
pectoral girdle
supporting structure of arm s
