Nucleotide Metabolism Flashcards
(150 cards)
1
Q
Nucleotide
A
Base + Pentose + Mono-/di-/triphosphate
2
Q
Nucleoside
A
Base + Pentose
3
Q
Bond Type
A
N-glycosidic bond
4
Q
Bond type
A
(Phosphate) Ester bond
5
Q
Examples of Pentose groups in nucleosides
A
- Ribose
- (2-)deoxy-ribose
6
Q
Structure of Adenine
A
7
Q
Structure of Guanine
A
8
Q
Structure of Cytosine
A
9
Q
Structure of Thymine
A
10
Q
Structure of Uracil
A
11
Q
Give the Purine bases
A
- Adenine
- Guanine
12
Q
Give the Pyrimidine bases
A
- Cytosine
- Thymine
- Uracil
13
Q
Uracil binds only to…
A
Ribose
14
Q
Thymine binds only to…
A
Deoxyribose
15
Q
Cytosine binds only to…
A
Ribose or Deoxyribose
16
Q
Examples of purine nucleosides
A
- Adenosine
- Guanosine
17
Q
Examples of Pyrimidine nucleosides
A
- Uridine
- Cytidine
- Deoxythymidine
18
Q
Name the process
A
Purine Synthesis (De novo)
19
Q
Compound A
- Name
- Structure
A
Glucose
20
Q
Process 1
- Enzyme
- Reactions
A
- Hexokinase
- ATP → ADP
21
Q
Compound B
- Name
- Structure
A
Glucose-6-phosphate
22
Q
Process 2
A
Pentose phosphate pathway
23
Q
Compound C
- Name
- Structure
A
Ribose-5-phosphate
24
Q
Process 3
- Enzyme
- Reactions
A
- PRPP synthetase
- ATP → AMP
25
Compound **D**
* Name
* Structure
5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate
| (PRPP)
26
Process **4**
* Enzyme
* Reactions
* PRPP amidotransferase
* Glutamine → Glutamate
* → P-O-P
27
Compound **E**
* Name
* Structure
5-phosphoribosyl-amine
28
Process **5**
* Enzyme
* Reactions
* IMP Synthase
* Glycine →
* **2 x** N10-formyl-FH4 → FH4
* Glutamine → Glutamate
* HCO3- → H2O
* Aspartate → Fumarate
29
Compound **F**
* Name
* Structure
Inosine monophosphate
| (IMP)
30
Process **6**
* Enzyme
* Reactions
* IMP dehydrogenase
* H2O →
* NAD+ → NADH + H+
31
Compound **G1**
* Name
* Structure
Xanthosine monophosphate
| (XMP)
32
Process **7**
* Enzyme
* Reactions
* GMP synthetase
* ATP → AMP
* Glutamine → Glutamate
33
Compound **H1**
* Name
* Structure
Guanosine monophosphate
| (GMP)
34
Process **8**
* Enzyme
* Reactions
* Nucleotide kinase
* ATP → ADP
35
Compound **I1**
* Name
Guanosine diphosphate
| (GDP)
36
Process **9**
* Enzyme
* Reactions
* Nucleotide diphosphate kinase
* ATP → ADP
37
Compound J**1**
* Name
Guanosine triphosphate
| (GTP)
38
Process **10**
* Enzyme
* Reactions
* Adenylosuccinate synthetase
* GTP → GDP
* Aspartate →
39
Compound **G****2**
* Name
* Structure
Adenylosuccinate
40
Process **11**
* Enzyme
* Reactions
* Adenylosuccinate lyase
* → Fumarate
41
Compound **H2**
* Name
* Structure
Adenosine monophosphate
| (AMP)
42
Process **12**
* Enzyme
* Reactions
* Nucleotide kinase
* ATP → ADP
43
Compound **I2**
* Name
Adenosine diphosphate
| (ADP)
44
Process **13**
* Reactions
* Substrate-level phosphorylation
* Oxidative phosphorylation
45
Compound **J2**
* Name
Adenosine triphosphate
| (ATP)
46
Which reaction produces this structure?
HCO3- → H2O
47
Which reaction produces this structure?
Aspartate → Fumarate
48
Which reaction produces these structures?
N10-formyl-FH4 → FH4
49
Which reaction produces this structure?
Glutamine → Glutamate
50
Which reaction produces this structure?
Glycine →
51
What is shown in this process?
Degradation of a purine nucleotide: _AMP_
52
Compound **A**
* Name
* Structure
Adenosine monophosphate
| (AMP)
53
Process **1**
* Enzyme
* Reactions
* Nucleotidase
* → P
54
Compound **B**
* Name
* Structure
Adenosine
55
Process **2**
* Enzyme
* Reactions
* Nucleoside phosphorylase
* P → Ribose-1-P
56
Compound **C**
* Name
* Structure
Adenine
57
Process **3**
* Enzyme
* Reactions
* Adenine deaminase
* H2O →
* → NH3
58
Compound **D**
* Name
* Structure
Hypoxanthine
59
Process **4**
* Enzyme
* Reactions
* Xanthine oxidase
* H2O →
* FAD → FADH2
60
Compound **E**
* Name
* Structure
Xanthine
61
Process **5**
* Enzyme
* Reactions
* Xanthine oxidase
* H2O →
* FAD → FADH2
62
Compound **F**
* Name
* Structure
Uric Acid
63
Process **6**
* Enzyme
* Reactions
* Uricase
* 2H2O + O2 → H2O2
* → CO2
64
Compound **G**
* Name
* Structure
Allantoine
65
What is shown in this process?
Degradation of a purine nucleotide: _GMP_
66
Compound **A**
* Name
* Structure
Guanosine monophosphate
| (GMP)
67
Process **1**
* Enzyme
* Reactions
* Nucleotidase
* → P
68
Compound **B**
* Name
* Structure
Guanosine
69
Process **2**
* Enzyme
* Reactions
* Nucleoside phosphorylase
* P → Ribose-1-P
70
Compound **C**
* Name
* Structure
Guanine
71
Process **3**
* Enzyme
* Reactions
* Guanine deaminase
* H2O →
* → NH3
72
Compound **D**
* Name
* Structure
Xanthine
73
Process **4**
* Enzyme
* Reactions
* Xanthine oxidase
* H2O →
* FAD → FADH2
74
Compound **E**
* Name
* Structure
Uric Acid
75
Process **5**
* Enzyme
* Reactions
* Uricase
* 2H2O + O2 → H2O2
* → CO2
76
Compound **F**
* Name
* Structure
Allantoine
77
De novo synthesis and nucleotide degradation occurs in the...
Cytosol
78
Uric acid → Allantoine reaction occurs in the...
Liver
79
Allantoin is excreted in the...
Urine
80
Which drug can be used to treat gout/uricosis?
How does it work?
Allopurinol
Competitive inhibition of Xanthine oxidase
81
Uric acid transport occurs by which 2 processes?
* Fast transport (80%)
* Slow transport (20%)
82
Cause of urate kidney stones in Dalmatians
* Fast transport gene of uric acid mutated
* Uricase active but no uric acid uptake
* Excretion: mostly uric acid, some allantoin
* Uric acid precipitated in the kidney
83
What is shown in this process?
Pyrimidine synthesis
84
Compound **A**
* Name
HCO3-
85
Process **1**
* Enzyme
* Reactions
* Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase II
* Glutamine → Glutamate
* 2 ATP → 2 ADP
86
Compound **B**
* Name
* Structure
Carbamoyl-P
87
Process **2**
* Enzyme
* Reactions
* Aspartate transcarbamoylase
* → P
88
Compound **C**
* Name
* Structure
Aspartate
89
Compound **D**
* Name
* Structure
N-carbamoyl aspartate
90
Process **3**
* Enzyme
* Reactions
* Dihydroorotase
* → H2O
91
Compound **E**
* Name
* Structure
Dihydroorotate
92
Process **4**
* Enzyme
* Reactions
* Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase
* NAD+ → NADH + H+ (Double bond formation)
* NADH + H+ → NADH (Double bond breakage)
93
Compound **F**
* Name
* Structure
Orotate
94
Process **5**
* Enzyme
* Reactions
* Orotate phosphoribosyl transferase
* PRPP → P-P
95
Compound **G**
* Name
* Structure
Orotidylate
96
Process **6**
* Enzyme
* Reactions
* Orotidylate decarboxylase
* → CO2
97
Compound **H**
* Name
* Structure
Uridine monophosphate
| (UMP)
98
Process **7**
* Enzyme
* Reactions
* UMP kinase
* ATP → ADP
99
Compound **I**
* Name
Uridine diphosphate
100
Process **8**
* Enzyme
* Reactions
* Nucleoside diphosphate kinase
* ATP → ADP
101
Compound **J**
* Name
Uridine triphosphate
| (UTP)
102
Process **9**
* Enzyme
* Reactions
* CTP synthetase
* ATP → ADP
* Glutamine → Glutamate
103
Compound **K**
* Name
* Structure
Cytidine triphosphate
| (CTP)
104
How many ATP are needed for pyrimidine synthesis?
7
105
What is shown in this process?
Degradation of pyrimidine nucleotides
106
Compound **A**
* Name
CMP
107
Process **1**
* Enzyme
* Reactions
* CMP-deaminase
* H2O →
* → NH3
108
Compound **B**
* Name
UMP
109
Process **2**
* Enzyme
* Reactions
* Nucleotidase
* → P
110
Compound **C**
* Name
Uridine
111
Process **3**
* Enzyme
* Reactions
* Nucleoside phosphorylase
* P → ribose-1-P
112
Compound **D**
* Name
Uracil
113
Process **4**
* Enzyme
* Reactions
* Pyrimidine dehydrogenase
* NADH + H+ → NAD+
* NAD+ → NADH + H+
114
Compound **E**
* Name
* Structure
Dihydro-uracil
115
Process **5**
* Enzyme
* Reactions
* Dihydropyrimidinase
* H2O →
116
Compound **F**
* Name
* Structure
Ureido-propionate
117
Process **6**
* Enzyme
* Reactions
* Ureidopropionase
* → CO2
* → NH3
118
Compound **G**
* Name
* Structure
β-alanine
119
Process **7**
* Reactions
* → CO2
* → NH3
120
Compound **H**
* Name
Acetate
121
Compound **I**
* Name
HS-CoA
122
Resynthesis of nucleotides: For each nucleotide
123
Resynthesis of nucleotides: For purine nucleotides: Adenine
124
Resynthesis of nucleotides: For purine nucleotides in eukaryotes
125
Resynthesis of nucleotides: For purine nucleotides in prokaryotes
126
What is shown in this process?
Synthesis of deoxyribonucleotides
127
Compound **A**
* Name
* ADP
* GDP
* CDP
* UDP
128
Process **1**
* Enzyme
* Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase
129
Process **1I**
* Enzyme
Thioredoxin reductase
130
Compound **A1**
131
Compound **A2**
132
Compound **A3**
* Name
FAD
133
Compound **A4**
* Name
FADH2
134
Compound **A5**
* Name
NADPH + H+
135
Compound **A6**
* Name
NADP+
136
Compound **A7**
* Name
Dehydroascorbic acid
137
Compound **A8**
* Name
Ascorbic acid
138
Compound **B**
* Name
* dADP
* dGDP
* dCDP
* dUDP
139
Process **2**
* Enzyme
* Reactions
* Nucleoside diphosphate kinase
* ATP → ADP
140
Compound **C**
* Name
dUTP
*(also produced: dATP, dGTP, dCTP)*
141
Process **3**
* Enzyme
* Reactions
* dUTP-phosphatase
* → P-P
142
Compound **D**
* Name
dUMP
143
Process **4**
* Enzyme
* Reactions
* Thymidylate synthase
* N5,N10 -methylene-FH4 → FH2
* Cobalamin →
144
Compound **E**
* Name
dTMP
145
Process **5**
* Reactions
ATP → ADP
146
Compound **F**
* Name
dTDP
147
Process **6**
* Reactions
ATP → ADP
148
Compound **G**
* Name
dTTP
149
Nucleoside phosphorylase hosts which process?
_Deoxyribonucleoside_ releases _Deoxyribose-1-P_
150
During the degradation of _deoxyribonucleotides_, what is produced instead of β-alanine?
β-amino-isobutyrate
