Nutrition-Vitamins

Question 1

short bowel syndrome

Answer 1

signs of nutrient malabsorption in a patient with removal of jejunum (primary site for absorption of LOTS)

Question 2

trouble seeing at night is a sign of ____ deficiency

Answer 2

vitamin A

Question 3

loss of appetite is a sign of _____ deficiency

Answer 3

zinc

Question 4

ataxic gait is a sign of _____ deficiency

Answer 4

vitamin E

Question 5

easy bruising is a sign of _____ deficiency

Answer 5

vitamins K, E

Question 6

what is the most supported/confident dietary reference intake value?

Answer 6

RDA

Question 7

adequate intake is used when?

Answer 7

RDA cannot be determined; there is less data

Question 8

what are the 4 fat soluble vitamines?

Answer 8

DAKE

Question 9

malabsorption of fat soluble vitamins occurs because?

Answer 9

they share the same transport system as dietary fatty acids

Question 10

sources of vit A

Answer 10

retinoids (egg, dairy), carotenoids = precurser (yellow/red fruits and veggies, leafy greens)

Question 11

how quickly can vit A deprivation present with symptoms?

Answer 11

NOT quickly? must deplete liver and plasma first, takes weeks

Question 12

loss of appetite, retarded growth, rough scaly skin (follicular kyperkeratosis), nephritis, ocular problems (Bitot’s spots) are all signs of?

Answer 12

vitamin A deficiency

Question 13

causes of vit A deficiency

Answer 13

malabsorption disorders, chronic nephritis, intestinal parasites, alcoholism

Question 14

signs of vit A toxicity

Answer 14

itchy skin, bone/muscle pain, cirrhosis, conjunctivitis

Question 15

sources of vit D

Answer 15

sterols in body + UV light OR food

Question 16

D2 is found in _____, while D3 is found in _____

Answer 16

plants; fish and mammals

Question 17

ongoing research regarding vitamin D includes..

Answer 17

gene regulation, obesity, diabetes, cancer, CVD

Question 18

there is an incredibly high rate of vitamin ____ deficiency

Answer 18

vit D

Question 19

severe vit D deficiency is associated with what 2 diseases

Answer 19

rickets, osteomalacia

Question 20

vitamin D toxicity is (easy/hard) to achieve, and results in?

Answer 20

hard; hypercalcemia and calcifications

Question 21

sources of vit E

Answer 21

vegetable oils, nuts, leafy greens, cereal

Question 22

functions of vit E

Answer 22

antioxidant, immune function, DNA repair

Question 23

who needs especially high vitamin E?

Answer 23

breast-feeding women

Question 24

vitamin ____ supplements contain significantly more than people need

Answer 24

vit E

Question 25

what form of vitamin E is the strongest anti-oxidant and favored form (but not the form in most american diets)?

Answer 25

alpha-tocopherol

Question 26

vitamin E deficiency is (rare/common)? Vitamin E toxicity is (rare/common)?

Answer 26

rare; rare

Question 27

signs of vit E deficiency

Answer 27

neurologic problems, nerve degen in hands/feet

Question 28

who is at risk for vit E deficiency?

Answer 28

fat malabsorptive disorders, genetic defects, premature infants, alcoholics

Question 29

signs of vit E toxicity

Answer 29

increased bleeding, impaired blood coagulation, ?cancer risk

Question 30

sources of vit K

Answer 30

dark leafy greens, broccoli, cabbage, bacteria in GI tract

Question 31

vit K functions

Answer 31

blood coag, healthy bones

Question 32

_____ supplementation can cause toxic levels of vit K, resulting in?

Answer 32

menadione; hemolytic anemia, hyperbilirubinemia, jaundice

Question 33

name 3 water soluble vitamins

Answer 33

vit C, B vitamins, folic acid

Question 34

functions of vit C

Answer 34

potent antioxidant, co-factor for enzymes involved with synthesis of collagen, carnitine, and norepi

Question 35

severe def of vit C causes ____, which presents with?

Answer 35

scurvy; bruising, gum and dental problems, dry hair and skin, anemia

Question 36

causes of vit C deficiency

Answer 36

intake, malabsorption, certain cancer, kidney dz + hemodialysis, smoking (need more)

Question 37

thiamin is also called?

Answer 37

vit B1

Question 38

sources of thiamin

Answer 38

grains

Question 39

wet beriberi affects the ___ system

Answer 39

cardiovascular

Question 40

dry beriberi affects the ____ system

Answer 40

nervous

Question 41

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is common in _____ , due to deficiency in ____, and results in?

Answer 41

alcoholics; thiamin; encephalopathy & memory issues

Question 42

who get's thiamin deficiency?

Answer 42

dialysis patients, malabsorption

Question 43

niacin (B3) comes mainly from?

Answer 43

meat, fish, poultry, grains

Question 44

function of niacin

Answer 44

redox rxn co-enzyme; required for energy metabolism

Question 45

a deficiency of niacin causes?

Answer 45

pellagra

Question 46

signs of pellagra/niacin deficiency

Answer 46

4 D's = diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia, death

Question 47

niacin supplements can cause ____ if taken in excess

Answer 47

flushing and GI sx

Question 48

B6 is essential for ____, folid acid is essential for _____, and B12 is necessary for _____

Answer 48

RBC metabolism; rapid cell division; DNA synthesis

Question 49

B6 deficiency results in?

Answer 49

dermatitis, glossitis, convulsions

Question 50

folic acid deficiency results in?

Answer 50

megaloblastic anemia, diarrhea, fatigue

Question 51

B12 deficiency results in?

Answer 51

megaloblastic anemia, peripheral nerve degen, glossitis

Question 52

causes of B6/B12/folate deficiency

Answer 52

inadequate intake, liver dz, certain drugs

Question 53

who is at risk for B6 deficiency?

Answer 53

asthmatic children

Question 54

at risk for B12 deficiency

Answer 54

pernicious anemia or GI disorders

Question 55

B6 toxicity causes?

Answer 55

neuropathy

Question 56

folic acid toxicity results in?

Answer 56

damaging effects of B12 deficiency

Question 57

sources of iodine

Answer 57

salt, seafood, kelp

Question 58

iodine deficiency results in?

Answer 58

goiter, hypothyroidism, cretinism

Question 59

sources of zinc

Answer 59

meat, seafood, whole grains

Question 60

fnc of zinc

Answer 60

enzyme cofactor

Question 61

zinc deficiency causes?

Answer 61

growth retardation, impaired immune, mental lethargy, loss of taste, hypogonadism