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respiration > obstructive lung disease > Flashcards

obstructive lung disease Flashcards

1
Q

what happens to airflow in obstructive lung disease

A

airflow limitation

PEFR is reduced

FEV1 is reduced

FVC might be reduced

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2
Q

what is FEV1/FVC in obstructive lung disease

A

less than 70%

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3
Q

what are the 3 disease that make up obstructive lung disease

A

chronic bronchitis
emphysema
asthma

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4
Q

what causes bronchial asthma

A

type 1 hypersensitivity in the airways

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5
Q

what is chronic bronchitis clinically defined as

A

cough of sputum most days in at least 3 consecutive months

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6
Q

what happens to the large airways in chronic bronchitis

A

mucous gland hyperplasia

goblet cell hyperplasia

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7
Q

what is hyperplasia

A

the enlargement of an organ or tissue caused by an increase in the reproduction rate of its cells

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8
Q

what happens to small airways in chronic bronchitis

A

goblet cells appear

inflammation and fibrosis in long standing disease

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9
Q

what is the pathological definition of emphysema

A

increase size alveoli either

by dilation OR destruction of their walls

WITHOUT fibrosis

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10
Q

what are the different types of emphysema

A

centriacinar

panacinar

periacinal

SCAR

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11
Q

what is centriacinar emphysema

A

bronchial dilation - leading to loss of alveolar tissue (cell wall)

big hole in middle

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12
Q

what is panacinar emphysema

A

when the individual alveolar size increases by dilation

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13
Q

what is periacinal emphysema

A

emphysema out on the edge of the lung just underneath the plura

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14
Q

what might a chest x-ray look like for a patient with emphysema

A

hyperinflated

very black (due to increase air)

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15
Q

what caused emphysema

A

smoking

ageing

alpa-1 antitrypsin deficiency

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16
Q

what can alpa-1 antitrypsin deficiency lead to

A

early onset lung disease

COPD

Emphysema

17
Q

what is the most important thing in the disease progression of emphysema

A

loss of alveolar attachments in the most important

18
Q

what can hypoxic cor pulmonale cause

A

pulmonary hypertension due to

pulmonary vasoconstriction

pulmonary arteriolar - muscle hypertrophy and intimal fibrosis

19
Q

what is type 1 respiratory failure

A

low Pa O2

normal/ low O2

20
Q

what is type 2 respiratory failure

A

high Pa CO2

low Pa O2

21
Q

what are the normal Pa O2 ranges

A

10.5 - 13.5 kPa

22
Q

what are the normal PaCO2 ranges

A

4.8 to 6.0 kPa

respiration (17 decks)

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