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respiration > COPD > Flashcards

COPD Flashcards

1
Q

what is the WHO definition of COPD

A

chronic obstruction of lung airflow and is not fully reversible

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2
Q

what terms does COPD cencase

A

chronic bronchitis, emphysema

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3
Q

what is the no. 1 cause of COPD

A

SMOKING

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4
Q

what are some of the other causes of COPD

A

smoking

occupation

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5
Q

what % of smokers develop COPD during their lifetime

A

50%

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6
Q

what does the fletcher-peto curve show

A

that when a smoker stops smoking their FEV1 returns to the same trajectory as non smokers

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7
Q

what are the typical COPD symptoms

A

SOB

recurrent chest infections

persistant cough

wheeze

productive cough

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8
Q

what are some of the less common COPD symptoms

A

weight loss

fatigue

decreased exercise tolerance

cor pulmonalea

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9
Q

what are the investigations for COPD

A

history

chest x ray

spirometry after post-bronchodilator

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10
Q

what FEV1/FVC shows a lack of reversibility

A

less that <0.7

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11
Q

what would a patient with COPDs FEV1 be

A

FEV1/FVC is <70%

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12
Q

why might a chest x ray be carried out on a patient with COPD

A

exlude alternative diseases/ malignancy

look for hyperinflation ofd the lungs = flat extended idagraphm

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13
Q

what would suggest COPD compared to asthma

A

smoker
over 35
crhonic productive cough

persistant and progressive SOB

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14
Q

what are people with chronic bronchitis known as

A

the blue bloated

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15
Q

what are people with emphysema known as

A

the pink puffers

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16
Q

why are peole with chronic bronchitis known as the blue bloated

A

overweight and syanotic

elevated haemoglobin

pheriferal edema

wheezing

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17
Q

why are people with emysema classified as the pink puffers

A

sever \SOB

old and thin

hyperinflated - falttend diagprpham

quiet chest

18
Q

what can cause acute exacerbations of COPD

A

bacterial/viral infections are the most common reasons

19
Q

what are the treatmets for acute COPD flaire ups

A

O2

nebuiled bronchodilator

oral IV corticosteroids and antibiotus

20
Q

what is emphysema

A

a condition in which the air sacs of the lungs are damaged and enlarged, causing breathlessness.

21
Q

what is COPD

A

airflow obstruction

progressive

not fully reversible

22
Q

what non respiratory symptoms can COPD cause

A

loss of muscle mass

weight loss

cardiac disease

depression, anxiety

23
Q

what might be found on clinical examination of a COPD patient

A

reduced chest expansion

prolonged expiration/wheeze

hyperinflated chest

resp failure - cyanosis
pheriferal oedema

24
Q

what are some non-pharmacological managments of COPD

A

smoking cessation

vaccinations
- annual flu vaccine

pulmonary rehabilitation

25
Q

what are the key aims of COPD management

A

prevention

relieve breathlessness

prevention of exacerbation

complication management

26
Q

how is COPD breathlessness reliever

A

inhalers

27
Q

what are the 3 overarching types of inhalers

A

short acting bronchodilators

long acting bronchodilator

high dose inhaled cortical steroids (ICS)

28
Q

what are examples of short acting bronchodilators

A

SABA

SAMA

29
Q

what does SABA stand for

A

short acting β 2 adrenoreceptor agonist

30
Q

what does SAMA stand for

A

short acting muscarinic antagonist

31
Q

what is a example of a SABA drug

A

salbutamol

32
Q

what is a example of a SAMA drug

A

Ipratropium

33
Q

what are the categories of Long acting bronchodilators

A

LAMA

LABA

34
Q

what are LAMAs

A

long acting muscarinic antagonists

35
Q

what are examples of LAMAs

A

tiotropium

ti-op-trop-ium

36
Q

what are LABAs

A

long acting beta agonists

37
Q

what are examples of LABAs

A

salmeterol

38
Q

what are examples of high dose inhaled corticoid steroids

A

relvar

fostair

39
Q

what are the best to worst value for money things for COPD

A

flu vaccination

smoking cessation support

pulmonary rehabilitation

LAMAs

LABAs

40
Q

what might be given in a acute COPD

A

SA bronchodilators

steroids

antibiotics

respiration (17 decks)

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