pulmonary vascular disease Flashcards
what 2 things make up pulmonary vascular disease
pulmonary embolism
pulmonary hypertension
what are the risk factors of PE
recent major surgery
trauma
cancer
pregnancy
what are the symptoms of PE
pleuritic chest pain
couch
haemoptysis
acute SOB
syncope
what are the sings of PE
pleural rub
Stoney dullness
tachycardia
tachypnoea
what is tachypnoea
rapid breathing
what are the PE investigations
Bloods FBC, blood gases
chest x-ray
ECG
d-dimer
CT pulmonary angiogram
V/Q scan
what is a V/Q scan
ventilation / perfusion scan of the lung using radio isotopes
what is PE treatment
O2
LMW heparin
warfarin
DOAC (direct oral anticoagulants)
pulmonary embolectomy
what is pulmonary hypertension
elevate BP in the pulmonary artery tree
a mean pulmonary artery pressure of >25 mmHg
what is the epidemiology if pulmonary hypotension
primary is rare
secondary is more common/ old age
untreated leads to death
what are the causes of pulmonary hypertension
idiopathic
chronic respiratory disease
left heart disease
what are the symptoms of pulmonary hypertension
exertional SOB
chest tightness
exertion syncope
what are the signs of pulmonary hypertension
elevated JVP
RV heave
hepatomegaly
ankle oedema
what are the investigations for pulmonary hypertension
ECG
Lung function test
V/Q scan
chest x-ray
how would you see pulmonary hypertension on a chest x ray
the hila is more visible/ pulmonary blood vessels
