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respiration > sleep aponea - nuromuscular > Flashcards

sleep aponea - nuromuscular Flashcards

1
Q

what is obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome

A

recurrent episodes of upper airway obstruction leading to apnoea during sleep

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2
Q

what is apnoea

A

not breathing for a period of time

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3
Q

what is sleep apnoea associated with

A

heavy snoring

poor daytime concentration

daytime sleepiness

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4
Q

what are the 3 factors that effect repeated upper airway closure

A

obesity

narrow pharynx

muscle relaxation

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5
Q

what dose repeated closure of the upper airways do

A

cause snoring

apnoea’s/hypopneas

oxygen desaturation

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6
Q

what do apnoea’s/hypopneas

lead to

A

frequent microarousal

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7
Q

what do frequent microarousal lead to

A

poor concentration

daytime tiredness

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8
Q

what are the risks of sleep apnoea

A

hypertension

stroke risk

heart disease risk

marital disharmony

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9
Q

how is sleep apnoea diagnoses

A

history/exam

Epworth questionnaire

overnight sleep study

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10
Q

what are the 3 types of overnight sleep study

A

pulse oximetry

limited sleep studies

full polysomnography

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11
Q

what are the different levels of sleep apnoea

A 
0-5 = normal 
5-15 = mild 
15-30 = moderate 
>30 = severe
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12
Q

what is the treatment of sleep apnoea

A

identify exacerbating factors

CPAP

mandibular repositioning splint

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13
Q

what are the exacerbating factors of sleep apnoea that can be controlled

A

weight reduction

avoidance of alcohol

diagnosis and treatment of endocrine disorders, hypothyroidism

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14
Q

what does CPAP stand for

A

continuous positive airways pressure

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15
Q

are people with sleep apnoea allowed to drive

A

if its severe no!

only after they have been suitably treated

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16
Q

what is narcolepsy

A

a rare familial disease

causing excessive day time somnolence

hallucination

sleep paralysis

cataplexy (sudden muscle wackness)

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17
Q

what is the treatment of narcolepsy

A

modafinil - combat sleep depravation

clomipramine - antidepressant

18
Q

what is chronic ventilation failure

A

normal blood pH

but elevated

elevated pCO2

mild impairment of the lungs’ ability to remove carbon dioxide occurs over a long period of time,

19
Q

what causes chronic ventilation failure

A 
COPD
bronchiectasis
kyphoscoliosis
ALS
muscular dystrophy
20
Q

what is bronchiectasis

A

widening of the airways

21
Q

what are the symptoms of chronic ventilation failure

A

SOB

orthopnoea

ankle swelling

disturbed sleep

22
Q

what are some investigations of chronic ventilation failure

A

lung function

hypoventilation assessment

23
Q

what is the treatment of chronic ventilation failure

A

NIV

oxygen therapy

24
Q

what do you have to be carful of with oxygen therapy when treating someone with chronic ventilation failure

A

that you don’t stop the hypoxic drive

ie COPD

25
Q

what is NIV

A

non invasive ventilation

26
Q

how does NIV differ from CPAP

A

gives a bit of extra O2 and a bit of a push to help ventilate like doing CPR

27
Q

how long do newborns sleep - breathing pattern?

A

16-18 hrs

in 3-4hrs

periodic breathing

28
Q

how long to 6month old babies sleep

A

14-15hrs

longer sleep periods

29
Q

how long do 2yr olds sleep `

A

12 hrs

1 daytime nap

30
Q

what happens to rem as you get older

A

makes up less of a proportion

31
Q

what are OSAS

A

obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome

32
Q

what are some neurological disorders that effect sleep

A

cerebral palsy

down syndrome

prader-willi syndrome

neuro muscular disease (Duchennes MD)

33
Q

what does cerebral palsy do

A

fragmented sleep/ delayed onset

34
Q

what does down syndrome cause

A

OSAS

35
Q

what does prader willi syndrome cause

A

excessive daytime sleepiness

36
Q

what are the symptoms of childhood OSAS

A

enlarged tonsils
hypoventilate
mouth breathing

37
Q

what pathology does OSAS cause in children

A

hypoventilation

38
Q

what does OSAS hypoventilation cause

A

failure to thrive
cor pulmonale
systemic hypertension

39
Q

what is the treatment for child hood OSAS

A

adenotonsillectomy

CPAP

weight loss

40
Q

what happens to patients with Duchenne’s MD

A

death due to resp failure

nocturnal desaturation

BiPAP

respiration (17 decks)

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