Obstructive Vs. Restrictive Respiratory Diseases Flashcards
(23 cards)
What are the two main types of respiratory disorders discussed?
Obstructive and restrictive respiratory disorders
What anatomical structures are involved in normal lung function?
Airways, alveoli, lung parenchyma, ribs, intercostal muscles, diaphragm
What is the role of elastic tissue in the lungs?
Helps keep airways open and allows for lung recoil
What term describes the stretchiness of the lung tissue?
Compliance
What term describes the lung’s ability to snap back after stretching?
Recoil
What is tidal volume?
The amount of air breathed in and out during quiet breathing
What is inspiratory reserve volume?
The amount of air that can be inhaled after a normal tidal volume inhalation
What is expiratory reserve volume?
The amount of air that can be exhaled after a normal tidal volume exhalation
What is residual volume?
The amount of air remaining in the lungs after forced expiration
What is total lung capacity?
The maximum amount of air the lungs can hold
What is vital capacity?
The total amount of air that can be exhaled after a maximal inhalation
What does a restrictive respiratory disorder affect?
The lungs’ ability to expand, reducing compliance
What are examples of extrinsic causes of restrictive respiratory disorders?
- Brain or brain stem issues
- Nerve damage affecting diaphragm
- Muscle disorders (e.g., polio)
- Skeletal issues (e.g., broken ribs, scoliosis, kyphosis)
What are intrinsic causes of restrictive respiratory disorders?
- Pneumonia
- Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
- Pulmonary fibrosis
What happens to compliance and recoil in restrictive disorders?
Poor compliance and high recoil
How does a restrictive lung appear on a pulmonary function test?
Reduced tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, expiratory reserve volume, residual volume, total lung capacity, and vital capacity
What defines an obstructive respiratory disorder?
Something obstructs the airways, blocking airflow
What are examples of obstructive respiratory disorders?
- Asthma
- Chronic bronchitis
- Emphysema
What happens to elastic tissue in emphysema?
Destruction of elastic tissue leads to airway collapse
What is the effect of obstructive disorders on compliance and recoil?
Increased compliance and poor recoil
What is a common physical characteristic of individuals with emphysema?
Barrel chest due to increased total lung capacity
What changes occur in the volumes for obstructive respiratory disorders?
- Decreased expiratory reserve volume
- Increased residual volume
- Increased total lung capacity
What is the significance of pulmonary function tests?
They help determine whether a respiratory disorder is restrictive or obstructive
