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Spinal anatomy > Occiput Unit Two Exam > Flashcards

Occiput Unit Two Exam Flashcards

1
Q

is the occiput part of the spinal column

A

no

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2
Q

occiput articulates with what

A

the atlas

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3
Q

what are the three regions of the occiput

A

squamous, lateral or condylar, and basilar portion

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4
Q

the occiput forms what

A

the posterior part and the most of the base of the cranium

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5
Q

what hole is in the occiput

A

foramen magnum in the inferior part of the occiput

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6
Q

what goes through the foramen magnum

A

medulla oblongata and connects with the spinal cord

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7
Q

what else goes through the foramen magnum

A

vertebral and spinal arteries

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8
Q

the basilar portion of the occiput connects to what other skull bone

A

sphenoid

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9
Q

function of basilar part of the occiput

A

area for attachment of many ligaments and muscles (longus capitus and colli)

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10
Q

the condyles of the occiput articulate with what

A

the superior articular facet of the atlas (C1)

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11
Q

the condylar part of the occiput also includes what

A

jugular process, jugular notches and jugular foramen

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12
Q

what holes allow what to go through jugular foramen

A

glossopharyngeal, vagus and accessory cranial nerves

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13
Q

are the condyles convexed or concaced

A

convexed

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14
Q

describe structure of condyles

A

converge anterior, diverge posterior

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15
Q

50% of flexion/extension of the head/neck takes place where prior to any other vertebra moving

A

condyles of the occiput

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16
Q

what is the largest portion of the occiput

A

squamous portion

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17
Q

where is the squamous portion of the occiput located

A

the back of the skull, posterior of the foramen magnum

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18
Q

what are the four nuchal lines in the squamous portion of the occiput

A

median, inferior, superior and highest

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19
Q

median nuchal line AKA

A

external occipital crest (vertical)

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20
Q

highest nuchal line AKA

A

supreme nuchal line

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21
Q

is the supreme nuchal line always present

A

no

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22
Q

inion AKA

A

external occipital protuberance

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23
Q

EOP is the junction between

A

superior and median nuchal lines

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24
Q

7 characteristics of a typical cervical vertebrae

A

rectangular (oval) shaped bodies, bifid SP, 3 cervical lips- 2 superior lateral (1 uncinate processes) 1 anterior inferior lip, TVP are anterior to AP, foramina transversarii for ascension of vertebral artery, costo-transverse lamella, and triangular neural foramen

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25
the costo-transverse lamella is the groove on..
superior surface of TVP for exit of spinal nerve
26
typical cervical vertebrae numbers
C3-C6
27
peculiar cervical vertebrae numbers
C1, C2, and C7
28
purpose of uncinate processes
prevent lateral slipping of vertebra above
29
uncinate processes develop when
between ages 9 and 10
30
the unco-vertebral joint creates what
joint of Von Luschka or Luschka joint
31
Luschka joint AKA
false or pseudo joint
32
when the join of von luschka undergoes degeneration what occurs
hypertrophy (overgrowth) of the uncinate process
33
hypertrophy of the uncinate process causes
exostosis of the joints of von luschka
34
what is the most common cause of nerve root compression in the mid cervical spine
exostosis of the joints of von luschka
35
a typical cervical vertebrae has how many true articulations and pseudo ones
6 true and 2 pseudo
36
ucinate process uncovertebral joints of luschka limit what
lateral translation or bending guide rail for flexion/extension
37
the bony elevations on the superior lateral margins of the cervical vertebrae are called
ucinate processes
38
how are uncovertebral joints formed
articulate with the inferior lateral aspect of the vertebra above and the ucinate processes below
39
are the uncovertebral joints true joints
no
40
what type of joints are uncovertebral joint
fibrous
41
what does C1 lack
body, pedicles, laminae, and spinous process
42
what does C1 have
anterior and posterior arch, lateral masses and TVPs
43
anterior arch of C1 develops from
hypochondral arach
44
the anterior arch is what type of ossification and fuses to lateral masses when
primary center of ossification and fuses between 6 and 8 yo
45
what is the most anterior part of the atlas
anterior tubercle
46
where is fovea dentalis located
posterior part of central anterior arch
47
function of fovea dentalis
groove for articulation of dens which forms a pivotal joint for rotation of C1 and C2
48
first 50% of rotation of head and neck takes place here before any other vertebrae moves
fovea dentalis
49
atlas can moves how many degrees left or right from the pivotal joint of fovea dentalis
40 to 45 degrees
50
what is the most posterior part of C1
posterior tubercle
51
what in C1 is analogous to SP
posterior tubercle
52
AKA of sulcus arteriae vertebrialis
superior vertebral notch
53
when sulcus arteriae vertebrialis calcifies it becomes what
posterior atlanto-occipital ligament
54
what is the sulcus arteriae vertebrialis used for
entrance of the vertebral artery and exit of first pair spinal nerves
55
function of inferior vertebral notch
exit of second pair of spinal nerves
56
structure of inferior vertebral notch
anterior inferior surface of posterior arch
57
lateral masses of C1 shaped like
kidney bean
58
lateral masses of C1 contain what
superior and inferior facets which converge toward anterior and diverge posterior
59
the superior facet faces
superior and medial
60
the superior facet is taller where
lateral aspect than medial
61
inferior facet faces more
flat and inferior
62
where does the transverse ligament attach to on C1
median tubercle
63
the neural ring in C1 is wider where
anterior to posterior instead of transverse diameter
64
the neural ring in C1 is divided into how many parts
three- steel's rule of thirds
65
what is contained in the C1 neural foramen
odontoid process, spinal cord, and adipose tissue, veins, arteries, ligaments and empty space
66
below C4, 3/4th of the neural foramen is for what
spinal cord
67
how many TVPs in C1
two
68
what is the longest TVP in the cervical spine
C1
69
how many articulation in C1
five
70
where do the five articulations occur in C1
2 with occiput, 3 with C2
71
causes of ADI abnormality
trauma, downs syndrome, inflammatory arthritis
72
C2 AKA
axis or epistropheus
73
C2 does not contain
superior lateral lips
74
what is the 1.5 cm finger like projection sticking up from the C2 body
odontoid process (dens)
75
odontoid develops from
2 laterally placed primary centers of ossification that fuse together about 7 month of fetal development
76
if odontoid does not fuse it is called
os odontoidium
77
what is thought to be the primordial body of C1
Dens
78
alar ligament AKA
check ligament
79
alar ligament attached to
the superior lateral margins of the dens and they connect to the condyles of the occiput and limit rotation of the skull to the opposite side
80
apical dental ligament attached from
the terminal aspect (tip) of the dens to the basilar portion of the occiput and helps stabilize the area
81
what SP is the largest in the C spine
C2
82
what is the first palpable SP below the EOP
C2
83
where is C2 located compared to head
2 inches below hair line or base of skull
84
what is the shortest TVP in the C spine
C2
85
how many articulation in C2
6
86
where are the articulations in C2
3 with atlas, 3 with C3 vertebra
87
C7 aka
vertebral prominens
88
what is the longest SP in C spine
C7
89
what is the first transitional segment of the spine
C7
90
describe SP of C7
not bifid
91
Anterior tubercle of C7 TVP development
develops from an independent primary center that fuses to the rest of the TVP by age 5 or 6
92
if anterior tubercle of C7 TVP does not fuse to rest of TVP, what occurs
cervical rib
93
describe foramina transversarii of C7
very small, and vertebral artery does not go through it but vertebral vein will

Spinal anatomy (18 decks)

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