Scoliosis Unit Two Exam

Question 1

what is scoliosis

Answer 1

lateral curvature of the spine of greater than 10 degrees

Question 2

where does scoliosis occur in the spine

Answer 2

thoracic or lumbar

Question 3

what is idiopathic scoliosis

Answer 3

a lateral deviation and rotation of the spine without an identifiable cause

Question 4

scoliosis is usually associated with

Answer 4

rotation of the vertebrae and sometimes excessive kyphosis or lordosis

Question 5

what type of x ray needed to see scoliosis

Answer 5

A to P

Question 6

scoliosis are named based on

Answer 6

the direction that curvature convexes

Question 7

left scoliosis is

Answer 7

levoscoliosis

Question 8

right scoliosis is

Answer 8

dextroscoliosis

Question 9

what is rotatory scoliosis

Answer 9

element of rotation to the scoliosis

Question 10

is left or right scoliosis worse

Answer 10

left due to the heart being on that side

Question 11

what is a wedge vertebrae

Answer 11

partial unilateral failure of formation

Question 12

what is a hemivertebrae

Answer 12

complete unilateral failure of formation

Question 13

what is a congenital bar

Answer 13

unilateral failure of segmentation

Question 14

what is a block vertebrae

Answer 14

bilateral failure of segmentation

Question 15

what are the characteristics of scoliosis

Answer 15

one hip more prominent, unequal gaps between the arms and the trunk, spine obviously curved, one shoulder blade higher and possibly more prominent, one shoulder higher, head not centered over body

Question 16

what are the three major classifications of scoliosis

Answer 16

structural, non-structural, transient structural

Question 17

what is the most common form of scoliosis

Answer 17

idiopathic scoliosis by 70%

Question 18

idiopathic scoliosis is a subclassification of what

Answer 18

structural scoliosis

Question 19

idiopathic scoliosis mostly affects who

Answer 19

females

Question 20

which scoliosis is the most difficult to treat

Answer 20

idiopathic due to the least amount of corrections especially if in the T1 to t3 range

Question 21

non structural scoliosis is known as

Answer 21

physiological scoliosis or functional

Question 22

structural scoliosis is known as

Answer 22

pathological scoliosis

Question 23

to tell difference of pathological and physiological scoliosis, what must be performed

Answer 23

adams sign

Question 24

what chiropractor stated that most idiopathic scoliosis were due to a decrease in foundation support (subluxation)

Answer 24

dr. fred barge

Question 25

what chiropractor used standing and hanging xrays to determine the amount of correction possible

Answer 25

dr. mawhaney

Question 26

what medical doctor noticed an increase in scoliosis as time went on throughout the day

Answer 26

dr. beauchamp

Question 27

xrays for scoliosis are measured by

Answer 27

cobbs angle and riser ferguson measurement

Question 28

cobbs angle gives how many degrees more than riser ferguson measurement

Answer 28

10

Question 29

steps of cobb method

Answer 29

1. identify the upper and lower end of vertebrae, 2. draw lines extending along the vertebral borders. 3. measure the cobb angle directly or geometrically

Question 30

what is the heuter volkman rule

Answer 30

increased pressure on one side of the bone hampers the growth of the epiphyseal plate on that side. opposite side will grow normal

Question 31

what is julius wolff law

Answer 31

bone responds dynamically to stress placed on it. increased stress on the concave side of the curve produces an increased amount of cancellous bone on this side

Question 32

what is davis law

Answer 32

similar to wolffs law but related to soft tissue

Question 33

what muscles are weak and which are contracture in scoliosis

Answer 33

contracture on concavity and weak on side of convexity

Question 34

what are the three types of idiopathic scoliosis

Answer 34

infantile, juvenile, adolescent

Question 35

when does infantile scoliosis occur

Answer 35

before age 3

Question 36

when does juvenile idiopathic scoliosis occur

Answer 36

3 and 10 yo

Question 37

when does adolescent idiopathic scoliosis occur

Answer 37

10 to maturity

Question 38

most common form of idiopathic spinal curvatures are

Answer 38

convex and to the right (90%)

Question 39

what type of problems occur with left spinal curvatures of idiopathic scolioisis

Answer 39

CNS problems

Question 40

where in the spine do most idiopathic scoliosis occur

Answer 40

thoracic

Question 41

symptoms of scoliosis

Answer 41

asymptomatic or mild to severe back pain with loss of bladder function and lower extremity neurologic deficit

Question 42

at what age does an individual grow the fastest and when scoliosis gets worse

Answer 42

12 to 16 yo

Question 43

what sex more likely to have scoliosis

Answer 43

female

Question 44

handedness of scoliosis

Answer 44

low shoulder on the side of handedness due to stronger muscles

Question 45

what height more likely has scoliosis

Answer 45

tall

Question 46

weight more likely has scoliosis

Answer 46

thin

Question 47

what are the three body types

Answer 47

ectomorph, endomorph, mesomorph

Question 48

ectomorph

Answer 48

tall, thin

Question 49

endomorph

Answer 49

larger, thicker

Question 50

mesomorph

Answer 50

athletic build

Question 51

what brace is used for nonoperative lumbar scoliosis management

Answer 51

boston brace

Question 52

aka of boston brace

Answer 52

low profile thoracolumbarsacral orthotic (TLSO)

Question 53

TLSO primarily used for

Answer 53

lower thoracic, thoracolumbar, and lumbar curves

Question 54

what brace is used for nonoperative treatment of thoracic and lumbar scoliosis

Answer 54

lyon brace

Question 55

what brace is most commonly used for treatment of kyphotic conditions

Answer 55

milwaukee brace

Question 56

milwaukee brace AKA

Answer 56

cervicothoraciclumbosacral orthotic (CTLSO)

Question 57

primary goal of CTLSO brace

Answer 57

stop progression of scoliosis

Question 58

bone age helps determine

Answer 58

physiological age, age of maturity of the body

Question 59

george's line is used to see

Answer 59

anterior or posterior slipage

Question 60

risser sign AKA

Answer 60

iliac epiphysis sign, apophysis sign

Question 61

what does rissers sign check for

Answer 61

bone maturity (maturation)

Question 62

when does risser sign occur

Answer 62

about age of 16

Question 63

when does risser sign end

Answer 63

completion is 7 months to 3.5 years

Question 64

grade 1 risser sign

Answer 64

up to 25%

Question 65

grade 2 risser sign

Answer 65

26 to 50%

Question 66

grade 3 risser sign

Answer 66

51 to 75%

Question 67

grade 4 risser sign

Answer 67

76 to 100%

Question 68

grade 5 risser sign

Answer 68

fusion stops and total cessation of growth

Question 69

the cervical gravity line needs to pass through

Answer 69

center of the tip of the odontoid and any part of the C7

Question 70

normal width of adi for child

Answer 70

1 to 5 mm

Question 71

normal width of adi for adult

Answer 71

1 to 3 mm

Question 72

lumbar gravity line

Answer 72

goes from L3 body to 1 cm anterior or posterior of tip of sacrum

Question 73

if lumbar gravity line falls forwards of sacrum then

Answer 73

lumbar spine has anterior weight bearing (discs)

Question 74

if lumbar gravity line falls behind the sacrum then

Answer 74

lumbar spine has posterior weight bearing (facets)