Curves Unit 2 test

Question 1

X-rays are like what of photographs

Answer 1

negatives

Question 2

patient is placed between what during an Xray

Answer 2

camera (x-ray tube) and film (x-ray film )

Question 3

what is radiopaque

Answer 3

the whiter the part of the x-ray, thicker or denser the structure

Question 4

what is radiolucent

Answer 4

darker the part of the object, less dense

Question 5

what are the five densities seen on an x ray

Answer 5

air, fat, water, bone, metal

Question 6

what object is the most radiolucent

Answer 6

air

Question 7

what object is the most radiopaque

Answer 7

metal

Question 8

what are the different X-ray views

Answer 8

A to p, P to A, lateral, or oblique

Question 9

a curve is

Answer 9

a normal anterior to posterior bending of the spinal column

Question 10

curves add 10 times the

Answer 10

resistance to the axial compressive loads placed on the spine than a straight spine

Question 11

what are the curves in the foot

Answer 11

longitudinal and transverse

Question 12

pronation of foot

Answer 12

foot turn out

Question 13

supination of foot

Answer 13

turn in

Question 14

pronation or supination of the foot affects what else

Answer 14

knees, hips and spine

Question 15

the names of the spinal curves were given by who

Answer 15

Galen, prince of physicians in 2nd century

Question 16

what are the two types of curves in the spine

Answer 16

anterior and posterior

Question 17

what is an anterior curve of the spine

Answer 17

apexes or has the convexity toward the anterior, concavity towards the back

Question 18

the anterior curve AKA

Answer 18

lordotic

Question 19

lordotic is primary or secondary

Answer 19

secondary

Question 20

where is the lordotic curve

Answer 20

cervical and lumbar

Question 21

lordotic is compensatory or accommodative curves

Answer 21

compensatory

Question 22

what is the posterior curve of the spine

Answer 22

apexes or has the convexity towards the posterior

Question 23

posterior curve AKA

Answer 23

kyphotic

Question 24

kyphotic is primary or secondary

Answer 24

primary

Question 25

kyphotic is compensatory or accommodative

Answer 25

accommodative

Question 26

where would you see a kyphotic curve

Answer 26

thoracic, sacrum, coccyx

Question 27

the adult posture develops as a result of

Answer 27

adaptations of the musculoskeletal system to the stresses placed upon it

Question 28

at birth, the body has one what type of curve

Answer 28

posterior c shaped, kyphotic

Question 29

when do secondary curves begin to develop

Answer 29

as child begins to move its body against gravity

Question 30

which develops first, cervical or lumbar curve with the spine

Answer 30

cervical

Question 31

when does the first anterior curve begins to develop

Answer 31

three to four days

Question 32

what age does the cervical curve is basically developed

Answer 32

three to four months or when child is able to hold its head upright

Question 33

function of secondary curves

Answer 33

bring the center of gravity to a vertical line, which allows the body's weight to be balanced on the vertebral column in a way that expends the least amount of muscular energy to maintain an upright bipedal stance

Question 34

the first secondary curve that begins at day 3 or 4 extends from

Answer 34

tip of the odontoid process of C-2 to the base of T2

Question 35

the second secondary curve begins when

Answer 35

6 to 9 months

Question 36

the second secondary curve extends from

Answer 36

T12 to L5

Question 37

when is the second secondary curve full formed

Answer 37

10 to 18 months

Question 38

the first secondary curve is between what degrees

Answer 38

35 to 45 degrees

Question 39

the apex of the first secondary curve should be at

Answer 39

disc space of C4 and C5

Question 40

hypolordotic is

Answer 40

curve is less than 35

Question 41

hyperlordoctic is

Answer 41

more than 45

Question 42

what is the normal curve degrees of the second secondary curve

Answer 42

50 to 60 degrees

Question 43

how is the second secondary curved measured

Answer 43

top of L1 to top of the sacrum

Question 44

what age does the lumbar vertebrae grow two time faster than the rest of the spine

Answer 44

2 to 16 yo

Question 45

where is the apex of the kyphotic curve

Answer 45

between T6 and T7 motor unit

Question 46

what is the normal curve degree of the kyphotic curve

Answer 46

20 and 40 degrees, avg 30

Question 47

looking from behind the patient or from the side you should see

Answer 47

concavity, convexity, concavity, convexity

Question 48

the sacrococcygeal curve is also primary and starts and ends where

Answer 48

starts from the top of the sacrum to the tip of the coccyx

Question 49

curvatures are

Answer 49

adaptive bendings of the spine

Question 50

curvatures usually involve

Answer 50

three or more segments

Question 51

what are the three pathological curvatures of the back

Answer 51

kyphosis, lordosis, and scoliosis

Question 52

kyphosis is

Answer 52

an exaggerated thoracic curvature

Question 53

how does kyphosis occur

Answer 53

aging, disease process or in adolescent boys who engage in heavy spine loading such as weight lifting

Question 54

what is lordosis

Answer 54

exaggerated lumbar curvature

Question 55

how does lordosis occur

Answer 55

same as kyphosis as well as added weight in the front or pregnancy

Question 56

what is ankylosing spondylitis

Answer 56

progressive spinal flexion deformities, chin on chest