Operation learn this stuff

Question 1

Positive reinforcer

Answer 1

Event following bhvr that causes bhvr to increase in frequency

Question 2

Operant bhvrs/ responses

Answer 2

Bhvrs that operate on the enviro to generate consequences, and are in turn influenced by those consequences

Question 3

negative reinforcement

Answer 3

Removal of stimuli immediately following bhvr

Question 4

Selecting bhvr

Answer 4

Specific:
Ensure reliability
Increase consistency

Question 5

Selecting reinforcer

Answer 5

Whichever is most effective and appropriate

Should be:
Readily available
Present immediately
Repeat use without satiation
Not time consuming

Question 6

Five types of reinforcers

Answer 6

Consumable
Activity
Manipulative
Possessional
Social

Question 7

premack principle

Answer 7

If the opportunity to engage in a bhvr that has a high probability of occurringis made contingent on a bhvr that has a low probability of occurring, then that bhvr that has a low probability of occurring will increase.

Question 8

Reinforcer can only be defined as such if…

Answer 8

.. effect on bhvr is demonstrated

Question 9

Deprivation

Answer 9

Time during which ind does not experience reinforcer

Question 10

Satiation

Answer 10

Condition in which ind has experienced reinforce to point that it is no longer effective

Question 11

Motivating operations/ variables

Answer 11

Temporarily alter effectiveness of a reinforce

Alter frequency of bhvr reinforced by that reinforcer

Question 12

Reinforcer size

Answer 12

Optimum size depends on additional factors, determined by effectiveness at given size, must be small enough to avoid satiation.

Question 13

Immediacy

Answer 13

Most effective immediately following desired bhvr (preferably within 30sec)

Question 14

Indirect acting effect

Answer 14

Non immediate reinforcement strengthens some responses. must provide adequate instructions for self talk/ other reinforce to have effect.

Question 15

Contingent

Answer 15

Specific bhvr

Question 16

Noncontingent

Answer 16

Specific time regardless of bhvr, not generally effective

Question 17

Programmed

Answer 17

Arranged arbitrarily

Question 18

Natural

Answer 18

Occur in natural enviro, need some sort of natural reinforce to maintain bhvr, otherwise will return to baseline

Question 19

Pitfalls

Answer 19

Inaccurate explanation
Failure to apply
Partial knowledge misapplication
Unaware

Question 20

Applying process

Answer 20

Tell ind plan
Reinforce immediately following bhvr
Describe bhvr when reinforce given
Use lots of praise

Question 21

Weaning

Answer 21

Eliminate tangible, replace with social reinforcers
Look for other natural reinforcers
Periodically assess

Question 22

Operant extinction

Answer 22

If an individual in a given situ emits a previously reinforced bhvr and that bhvr is not reinforced, that person is less likely to repeat bhvr.

Question 23

Factors influencing effectiveness of Op Ext

Answer 23

Control of reinforcers: consistency
Combining extinction with Positive reinforce for alternate desired bhvr
Setting: minimize other influences, maximize persistence with program
Instructions given
Schedule carried out
Bhvr worsens before improving
Extinction produces aggression
Spontaneous recovery of previously extinct bhvr

Question 24

Extinction burst

Answer 24

Increase in responding during extinction

Question 25

Continuous

Answer 25

Each instance of response is reinforced: When reinforcement d/cd bhvr will be quicker to extinguis

Question 26

Intermittent

Answer 26

Response occasionally reinforced: Bhvr will slowly extinguish

Question 27

Elicited aggression

Answer 27

Aggression in response to operant extinction. Less prevalent when extinction part of treatment package, not sole intervention.

Question 28

Spontaneous recovery

Answer 28

Bhvr returns after a delay. Typically amount returning is less than baseline.

Question 29

Pitfalls

Answer 29

Partial knowledge | Unaware misapplication

Question 30

Selecting bhvr for Op ext

Answer 30

Specific Circumstances such that follow through is possible, aggression is mitigated One that reinforcers may be controleld

Question 31

prelimary to Op ext

Answer 31

Chart bhvr Identify current reinforce Identify alt bhvr and reinforce Identify appropriate settings for int

Question 32

Weaning from op ext

Answer 32

Prepare for relapses Failure may be due to: 1) attention withheld not what was maintaining bhvr 2) inconsistent reinforcement from other source 3) alternative bhvr not sufficiently strengthened

Question 33

Punisher/ aversive stimuli

Answer 33

Immediate consequence that causes bhvr to decrease in freq

Question 34

Principle of punishment

Answer 34

If in a given situation someone does something that is followed by punisher, person is less likely to repeat

Question 35

Punishment as modifier

Answer 35

Occurs immediately Is not retributive Not used to deter others

Question 36

Physical punishers

Answer 36

Act on nociorecpetors, are unconditioned stimuli, aversive scents/ tastes also include (often ice, or sour)

Question 37

Reprimand

Answer 37

Strong, negative verbal stim

Question 38

Timeout

Answer 38

Ind loses opportunity to earn reinforcers Exclusionary: remove from situ Non-exclusionary: leave in situ, but remove stim assoc with less reinforcement (ex: stay in class, not allowed to speak)

Question 39

Response cost

Answer 39

Removal of specified amount of reinforce following bhvr

Question 40

Factors influencing effectiveness of punisher

Answer 40

Conditions for desirable alt response Cause of undesirable bhvr: current stim and reinforce effective punishing stim Antecedents for punishment Delivery of punisher: immediate, consistent, not paired with positive, remain calm

Question 41

Harmful side effect of punishment

Answer 41

Aggressive bhvr: PHYSICAL PUNISHMNET ASSOC W HIGH OF AGGRESSION Emotional side effects: crying, fearfulness, may interfere with desired bhvrs escape and avoidance No new bhvr, must be paired with other ints Modeling: children repeat to others Overuse: should be paired with positive

Question 42

Alternatives to punishment

Answer 42

functional communication training | Positive behaviour support

Question 43

Punishment only used when

Answer 43

``` Bhvr is very maladaptive Clear steps to alternative response, and to minimize causes Informed consent Ethical Clearly applied Safeguards in place ```

Question 44

pitfalls

Answer 44

Unaware application | Partial knowledge

Question 45

Guidelines for punisher

Answer 45

``` Specific response maximize alt response Minimize causes Select effective punisher Present clear stim Consistent Careful data collection ```