Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physician Assistant > Ophthalmology > Flashcards

Ophthalmology Flashcards

1
Q

Clinical features of a corneal abrasion

A

Caused by minor trauma

pain and sensation of foreign body

+/- photophobia, tearing, injection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Corneal abrasion tx

A

Topical anesthetic (Proparacaine) ONLY to assist in dx

Saline irrigation

Abx e.g. gentamicin or sulfacetamide

Acetaminophen for analgesia

Patching for no longer than 24 hours

Daily follow-up

NEVER prescribe steroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Corneal ulcer clinical features

A

pain, photophobia, tearing

circumcorneal injection and watery/purulent discharge

Fluorescein staining

  • dense corneal infiltrate
  • overlying epithelial defect
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q
A

Corneal ulcer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

topical anesthetic for eye ONLY used for exam purposes

A

Proparacaine

never leave in the room with patients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q
A

Herpes keratits

(Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) of the eye)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Corneal ulcer tx

A

Refer to ophthalmologist

NEVER prescribe steroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Herpes keratitis tx

A

Acyclovir 400 mg 5x daily

Valacyclovir 500 mg TID

Refer to ophthalmology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Patient reports painless acute blurred or loss of vision over several minutes to hours. She describes it as a curtain being drwn over the eye from top to bottom. What do you suspect?

A

Retinal detachment

Bilateral detachment occurs in 20% of cases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Retinal detachment tx

A

Emergency consult with ophthalmologist

Keep pt supine with head turned to the side of the retinal detachment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Leading cause of irreversible central vision loss

A

Macular degeneration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

70 yo patient presents with sudden, painless, and marked unilateral loss of vision. PMH includes HTN, diabetes, and glaucoma. Funduscopy reveals pallor of the retina, retinal edema, and perifoveal atrophy (cherry red spot). What do you suspect and how are you going to treat the pt?

A

Central retinal artery occlusion

Emergency referral to ophthalmologist
Place pt in recumbent position

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Patient presents with sudden, unilateral, painless blurred vision or complete visual loss. PMH includes diabetes, hyperlipidema, and glaucoma. Exam shoes afferent pupillary defect, optic disc swelling, and a “blood and thunder” retina (dilated veins, hemorrhages, edema, and exudates). What do you suspect?

A

Central retinal vein occlusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Leading cause of blindness in adults in the US

A

diabetic retinopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q
A

Cataract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is glaucoma and which form is most common?

A

An increase in IOP with optic nerve damage. Increased IOP is due to increase production or decreased flow of aqueous humor through the trabecular meshwork resulting in increase pressure in the anterior chamber

MC = Open-angle glaucoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Risk factors for open-angle glaucoma

A

>40 years

African American

Family hx of glaucoma or diabetes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Patient presents with painful eye and loss of vision. PE reveals circumlimbal injection, fixed mid-dilated pupil, decreased VA. and tearing. Anterior chamber is narrowed and IOP is acutely elevated. Nausea, vomiting and diaphoresis are common.

A

Angle-closure glaucoma

19
Q

Angle-closure glaucoma tx

A

Emergency referral to ophthalmologist

Meds

  • IV carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (i.e. acetazolamide)
  • topical ß-blocker
  • osmotic diuresis
20
Q

Chronic, asymptomatic, and potentially blinding disease that affects 2% of population.

Patient presents with:

  • elevated IOP
  • defects in peripheral vision
  • increased cup:disc ratio

What do you suspect?

A

Open-angle glaucoma

21
Q

Open-angle glaucoma tx

A

Referral to ophthalmologist

Decrease IOP by decr aqueous production

  • B-blocker
    • Timolol
  • Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
    • Dorzolamide
    • Brinzolamide

Increase outflow

  • Prostaglandin-like meds
    • Latanoprost, Bimatoprost, Travoprost
  • Cholinergic agents
    • Pilocarpine

Both

  • alpha-agonists
    • brimonidine
22
Q

Normal IOP

A

12-22 mmHg

23
Q

Condition characterized by:

  • red, irritated lid margins
  • dry flaking to the eyelashes
  • oily discharge
  • dandruff-like depostis (scurf)
  • fibrous scales (collarettes)
A

Blepharitis (seborrheic or staphylococcal)

24
Q

Blepharitis tx

A

Warm compressses

Wash eyelids with baby shampoo

Artificial tears

25
Q

Hordeolum (sty) vs Chalazion

A

Hordeolum = Horrible (painful)

Chalazion = Chill (painless)

26
Q

patient presents with acute pain and swelling of the eyelid. What do you suspect?

A

Hordeolum

27
Q

Patient presents with a relatively painless lump on eyelid. What do you suspect?

A

Chalazion

28
Q

Hordeolum tx

A

Warm compresses several times a day

Topical abx if secondary infection develops

Incision and drainage may be indicated if it does not resolve within 48 hours

29
Q

Chalazion tx

A

Warm compresses

Referral to ophthalmologist for elective excision or steroid injection if no resolution

30
Q
A

Ectropion

31
Q
A

Entropion

32
Q

Viral vs Bacterial Conjunctivitis

A

Viral

  • Adenovirus 3, 8, or 19
  • Erythema of conjunctiva
  • Watery discharge

Bacterial

  • S. pneumo and S. aureus MC
  • purulent discharge
  • eyes “glued” shut on awakening

Both are highly contagious

33
Q

Viral conjuctivitis tx

A

Warm to cool compresses for discomfort

34
Q

Bacterial conjunctivitis tx

A

Attention to hygiene- hand washing and avoidance of contamination

Abx drops (e.g. Erythromycin, Bactrim)

Systemic abx for rare pathogens

35
Q

Pinguecula vs Pterygium

A

Pinguecula

  • chronic actinic exposure/ repeated trauma
  • dry/windy conditions
  • elevated yellowish, fleshy mass adjacent to the cornea

Pterygium (grows over the target which is the cornea/pupil)

  • Slowly growing thickening
  • Traingular mass frows from nasal side toward the cornea
  • eventually encroaches on the cornea
  • may interfere with vision
36
Q
A

Pinguecula

37
Q
A

Pterygium

38
Q

Pinguecula tx

A

No tx necessary

Can be resected if cosmetically undesirable

39
Q

Pterygium tx

A

Excision is warranted if it interferes with vision

40
Q

A lesion at the optic chiasm will lead to what visual defect?

A

Bitemporal loss

41
Q

Decreased vision that results from abnormal visual development in infancy and early childhood

A

Amblyopia

42
Q

Medical term for eye misalignment

A

Strabismus

43
Q

How would you describe this?

A

Strabismus- Right Exotropia

44
Q

How would you describe this?

A

Strabismus- Left esotropia

Physician Assistant (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions