Organization of the Human Nervous System

Question 1

There are three kinds of nerve cells in the nervous system: _______, ________, and ________.

Answer 1

sensory, motor, interneurons

Question 2

Sensory, AKA ________, neurons transmit sensory information from receptors to the ___________.

Answer 2

afferent

brain and spinal cord

Question 3

Motor, AKA ____, neurons transmit motor information from the brain and spinal cord to ______ and _____.

Answer 3

efferent, muscles and glands

Question 4

Interneurons, found ________, are the most ________ of the three types.

Answer 4

between other neurons

numerous

Question 5

When someone steps on a nail, receptors in the foot detect pain and the pain signal is transmitted by sensory neurons up to the spinal cord. At that point, the sensory neurons connect with interneurons, which can then relay pain impulses up to the brain. Rather than waiting for the brain to send out a signal, ________ in the ___ send signals to the muscles of both legs directly, before input from the brain eventually reaches there as well.

Answer 5

interneurons

spinal cord

Question 6

The peripheral nervous system is made up of nerve tissue and fibers outside the __________, including all _____ nerves and all ______ nerves but the _______ and _____ nerves.

Answer 6

spinal cord
spinal
cranial
optic, olfactory

Question 7

The PNS is divided into the ____ and _______ NS.

Answer 7

somatic, autonomic

Question 8

The parasympathetic branch _______ bronchi and ______ pupils.

Answer 8

constricts, constricts

Question 9

The brain is covered with a thick sheath of _____ tissue called the ________, which are composed of three layers: the ________, _________, and ________.

Answer 9

connective tissue
meninges
dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater (“durable spider pie”)

Question 10

Cerebrospinal fluid is produced by specialized cells that line the ______ of the brain.

Answer 10

ventricles

Question 11

The midbrain and hindbrain together comprise the ______.

Answer 11

brainstem

Question 12

_______, ______, _______, and _______ are all related to the limbic system.

Answer 12

Aggression, fear, pleasure, and pain

Question 13

The ________ of the cerebral hemispheres is called the _______.

Answer 13

outer covering, cerebral cortex

Question 14

The cerebral cortex is associated with everything from ______ processing to _____-______, and from ______ control to ____-____ ______.

Answer 14

language
problem-solving
impulse control
longer-term planning

Question 15

At first, the _______ is composed of three swellings: the ____, _____, and _____. Both the ______ and ______ later divide into two swellings.

Answer 15

neural tube: hindbrain, midbrain, forebrain

hindbrain and forebrain

Question 16

The hindbrain is also called the ________.

Answer 16

rhombencephalon

Question 17

The hindbrain controls ___________/_________, ________/__________, and general __________ including _______/________.

Answer 17

balance/motor coordination
breathing/digestion
arousal processes including sleeping/waking

Question 18

In short, the hindbrain controls ___________.

Answer 18

vital functioning necessary for survival

Question 19

During embryonic developement, the rhombencephalon divides to form the __________ (which becomes the ________) and the __________ (which becomes the __________).

Answer 19

myelencephalon: medulla oblongata
metencephalon: pons and cerebllum

Question 20

The medulla oblongata is for _________, such as ___, _____, and ___.

Answer 20

regulating vital functions, such as breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure

Question 21

The pons contains _____ and ____ ___ between the ______ and ________.

Answer 21

sensory and motor pathways between the cortex and medulla

Question 22

The cerebellum helps maintain _______ and _______ body movements.

Answer 22

balance/posture

coordinates

Question 23

Damage to the cerebellum causes clumsiness, loss of balance and _______.

Answer 23

slurred speech

Question 24

The __brain receives _____ and _____ ____ from the rest of the body.

Answer 24

sensory and motor information

Question 25

The are several prominent _______ in the __brain, two of which are collectively called ________.

Answer 25

nuclei/colliculi

Question 26

The superior colliculus receives _______ input, while the inferior colliculus receieves __________.

Answer 26

visual, auditory

Question 27

Forebrain divides into _____ and ________.

Answer 27

diencephalon, telencephalon

Question 28

________ forms the ________, basal _____, and ______.

Answer 28

telencephalon: cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, limbic system

Question 29

________ forms the _____, _______ and ____ and _____ glands.

Answer 29

diencephalon
thal/hypothal
posterior pituitary and pineal