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FoundSci III > Other Genitourinary Tract Infections > Flashcards

Other Genitourinary Tract Infections Flashcards

(50 cards)

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1
Q

What is the predominant organism of the normal vaginal flora?

A

Lactobacillus

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2
Q

What are the characteristics of Lactobacillus?

A

Gram + rods

Microaerophils or anaerobic

Metabolize glycogen to lactic acid resulting in vaginal pH of 3.8-4.5

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3
Q

Does lactobacillus cause UTIs?

A

No! Cannot grow in urine

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4
Q

What can cause change to normal vaginal microflora?

A

Age - young girls and postmenopausal women have lower prevalence of Lactobacillus species

Menstruation

Hysterectomy with removal of cervix

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5
Q

_________ is characterized by vaginal discharge, vulvar itching and irritation, and a vaginal odor

A

Vaginitis

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6
Q

What are the common causes of vaginitis? x3

A
  1. Bacterial Vaginosis
  2. Vulvovaginal candidiasis
  3. Trichomoniasis
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7
Q

_________ reflects abnormal vaginal microbiota (dysbiosis).

A

Bacterial vaginosis

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8
Q

Bacterial vaginosis is due to overgrowth of ___________ and reduction of __________

A

anaerobic species

Lactobacillus

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9
Q

What are the symptoms of Bacterial vaginosis?

A

Asymptomatic, discharge, odor, pain, itching, burning

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10
Q

Oral sex, douching, smoking, sex during menses, IUD, early age of sexual intercourse, new or multiple partners, sexual activity with other women are all risk factors for ______

A

Bacterial vaginosis

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11
Q

Is BV considered an STI by the CDC?

A

NO! Not sexually transmitted

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12
Q

What are the amsel criteria for BV? x4

A
  1. White or grey discharge
  2. Clue cells
  3. Whiff test
  4. pH > 4.5

3 of 4 must be met

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13
Q

What do the scores mean for the nugent score and dx of BV?

A

0-3: normal, lactobacillus dominant

4-6: intermediate, mixed morphotypes

7-10: BV, absence of lactobacilli, predominance of 2 other morphotypes

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14
Q

What are the complications of BV? x5

A
  1. Increase woman’s susceptibility to HIV infection
  2. pass HIV to her sex partner
  3. Develop infection following surgical procedures
  4. Preterm delivery, miscarriage, and infection after delivery
  5. Susceptibility to other STD’s
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15
Q

How do you treat BV?

A

Metronidazole

Clindamycin

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16
Q

What is vulvo vaginal candidiasis?

A

Common fungal infection in women of childbearing age

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17
Q

Vulvovaginal candidiasis presents with vaginal pruritus which is accompanied by a ____________ vaginal discahrge

A

Thick, odorless, white

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18
Q

Vulvovaginal candidiasis can be classified as either ________ or _________

A

Uncomplicated

Complicated

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19
Q

_________ VVC presents with sporadic or infrequent mild to moderate symptoms

A

Uncomplicated

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20
Q

__________ VVC presents with recurrent or severe VVC, or non-albicans candidiasis, or patient has uncontrolled diabetes, debilitiation, or immunosuppression

A

Complicated

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21
Q

________ exist as oval yeastlike forms that produce buds, pseudohyphae, and hyphae

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A

Candida species

22
Q

Gram stain of a vaginal smear for Candida shows ___________

Study These Flashcards
A

G+ budding yeasts, pesudohyphae, and hyphae

23
Q

At 37 degrees celcius, _______ rapidly formed elongated hyphae called germ tubes

24
Q

Candida albicans is part of normal flora of __________ x5

Study These Flashcards
A

GI tract, vagina, urethra, skin and finger/toe nails

25
What does candida albicans cause and when is it more frequent?
vaginitis more frequent after taking antibiotics
26
VVC is generally seen in individuals with local or generalized _______ or setting in which overgrowth is favored.
Immunosupression
27
Oral contraceptions, pregnancy, diabetes, systemic corticosteroids, HIV infection, and antibiotic use all can lead to ________ , which causes _________
Overgrowth VVC
28
How do you diagnose VVC?
Potassium hydroxide reveals hyphae and budding yeast
29
How do you treat VVC?
Topic azole with uncomplicated VVC Oral fluconazole for complicated VVC
30
__________ is the most common, curable sexually transmitted disease. Most women are asymptomatic
Trichomoniasis
31
Symptoms of trichomoniasis are mostly _______. But can range from with to severe vaginitis with inflammation associated with ___________.
Asymptomatic Itching, burning, and painful urination
32
What discharge is present for trichomoniasis?
Yellow-green, frothy, foul smelling discharge
33
Trichomoniasis often have men as primarily ________
asymptomatic carriers
34
What are the characteristics of Trichomonas vaginalis?
Small, pear-shaped protozoa 4 anterior flagella and undulating membrane responsible for motility Axostyle for attachment Anaerobic
35
Trichomonas vaginalis exist only in ________, which means they can only transfer from _________
Trophozoite form person to person
36
Contact of T. vaginalis with squamous epithelium of the GU tract results in destruction of the epithelial cells, neutrophil influx, and _______
Petechial hemorrhages (strawberry cervix)
37
How do you diagnose T. vaginalis?
Detect swimming/darting T. vaginalis in vaginal wet mount NAAT - most sensitive
38
How do you treat T. vaginalis?
Metronidazole
39
Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSST-1) producing strains of ______ could multiple rapidly in hyperabsorbant tampons and release toxins
S. aureus
40
What are the characteristics of S. aureus?
Catalase-positive Coagulase-positive Facultative intracellular Gram + cocci arranged in clusters
41
How is S. aureus transmitted?
Person to person spread via direct contact or exposure to fomites
42
How does toxin mediated S. aureus present? x3
1. Scalded skin syndrome 2. Food poisoning 3. Toxic shock
43
What is the pathogenesis of TSST-1? x2
1. TSST-1 can penetrate the mucosal barrier and is responsible for systemic effects 2. Superantigen
44
_______ release by TSST-1 results in fever _______ release is associated with hypotension and shock
IL-1Beta TNF-alpha
45
What are the symptoms of TSS? x5
Diarrhea General ill-feeling High fever, sometimes accompanied by chills Nausea and vomiting Widespread red rash that looks like sunburn
46
What are major criteria of TSS? x5
1. Hypotension 2. orthostatic syncope 3. Diffuse macular erythroderma 4. Temperature >38.8 5. Late skin desquamation
47
What are the minor criteria of TSS? x3
1. GI - diarrhea, vomiting 2. Mucous membranes - erythema 3. Muscular - myalgia or creatinine phosphokinase
48
How much criteria should a woman have to be diagnosed with TSS?
Woman must have all major and at least 3 minor criteria
49
What are the Tx for TSS?
5% fatality rate Remove tampon Support Administer Beta-lactamase resistant penicillin or vancomycin
50
50% of TSS patients fail to mount an ________ to TSST
antibody response

FoundSci III (22 decks)

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