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FoundSci III > Viral Skin Infections I > Flashcards

Viral Skin Infections I Flashcards

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1
Q

________ is a small discolored path of skin that forms an area distinct from the normal surrounding surface

A

Macule

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1
Q

_______ is a benign growth on the surface of the skin or mucous membranes.

A

Papilloma

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2
Q

_______ is a small circumscribed, raised portion of the skin

A

Papule

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3
Q

_______ is a small pouch on the surface of the skin filled with clear liquid; blister

A

Vesicle

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4
Q

________ is a small, circumscribed, raised portion of the skin filled with purulent material

A

Pustule

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5
Q

What are the features of warts? x5

A

Hyperkeratotic

Cutaneous warts often painless

Koilocytes may be found

Lump/nodule/papilloma

Caused by Human Papillomaviruses

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6
Q

Common warts are also called _____

A

Verruca valgaris

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7
Q

Plantar Warts are called _____

A

Verruca Plantaris

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8
Q

Flat Warts are called______

A

Verruca Plana

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9
Q

What are the characteristics of Human Papillomavirus?

A

Papillomaviridae family

Nonenveloped

dsDNA

Replication tied to differentiation status of tissue it infects

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10
Q

What is the order of the skin layers where HPV is most to least differentiated?

A

Most - Suprabasal
Basal
Dermis - Least

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11
Q

HPV E7 inhibits _____

A

Rb

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12
Q

HPV E6 inhibits ______

A

p53

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13
Q

What are the 2 classification schemes of Human Papillomavirus?

A

Mucosal

Cutaneous

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14
Q

Mucosal warts include __________ warts that are high risk and low risk

A

Angenital

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15
Q

Cutaneous warts include __________ warts and ______ warts.

A

common

plantar

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16
Q

High risk anogenital risks include what HPV?

A

16
18
31
33

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17
Q

Low risk anogenital warts include what HPV?

A

6
11

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18
Q

What HPV are responsible for common warts?

A

2
3
10

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19
Q

What HPV are responsible for plantar warts?

A

1
4

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20
Q

How is HPV transmitted? x2

A

Direct contact with wart or contaminated surface

Cuts and abrasions

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21
Q

How do you diagnose HPV?

A

Clinical appearance

Hyperkeratosis and Koilodal cells

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22
Q

_______ are enlarged keratinocytes that contain irregular hyperchromatic nuclei surrounded by a characteristic halo.

A

Koilocytes

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23
Q

How do you treat HPV?

A

Common and plantar wart regress after few months - 2 years

Wart removal - cryotherapy, cytotoxic chemical, surgery

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24
How do you prevent HPV?
HPV vaccines that protect against cervical cancer caused by HPV 16 and 18 and genital warts caused by HPV 6 and 11
25
HPV vaccine does NOT protect against _______
cutaneous warts
26
_______ is painless, pearly, umbilicated, and nodules.
Molluscum Contagiosum
27
What do you see histologically with Molluscum Contagiosum?
Large eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions (molluscum bodies)
28
What are the characteristics of Molluscum Contagiosum Virus?
Poxviridae large dsDNA Replicates within cytoplasm
29
How is Molluscum Contagiosum Virus transmitted?
Direct contact with lesions Fomite transmission
30
How do you treat Molluscum Contagiosum Virus?
Resolves 2-12 months without tx Removal with surgery or cryotherapy
31
Cold sores are called ______
Herpes labialis
32
What is primary infection with Herpes Simplex Virus?
Primary herpetic gingivostomatitis
33
What is reactivation of Herpes Simplex Virus?
Recurrent herpes labialis
34
________ is the leading cause of infectious blindness in the US
Herpes Stromal Keratitis
35
What is the pathology of Herpes Stromal Keratitis?
Initial infection causes conjunctivitis Recurrent disease leads to corneal opacity
36
What is the classic presentation of Herpes Stromal Keratitis?
Dendritic lesions
37
How do you treat Herpes Stromal Keratitis?
Surgical Topic antiviral Oral antivirals
38
What is the most common cause of infectious encephalitis in the US?
Herpes Simplex Encephalitis
39
Symptoms of ________ include altered consciousness and may include hallucinations, anosmia, bizarre behavior, or memory disturbance.
Herpes Simplex Encephalitis
40
How do you diagnose Herpes Simplex Encephalitis?
CSF pcr
41
How do you treat Herpes Simplex Encephalitis?
IV acyclovir
42
What is HSV called if on fingers or toes?
Herpetic Whitlow
43
What are the characteristics of Herpes Simplex Virus?
Herpesviridae Enveloped dsDNA Latency occurs in sensory neurons
44
What are the 2 serotypes of HSV? What are they associated with?
HSV 1 - oral lesions HSV 2 - genital lesions
45
How do you transmit HSV?
Direct contact with lesions Saliva
46
How do you treat HSV? What is the action of the drug?
Treat with aciclovir Inhibits viral DNA polymerase incorporation into viral DNA
47
What are the symptoms of chickenpox? x4
Prodrome (adults) Fever Headache Pruritic, vesicular lesions
48
How do you transmit chickenpox?
direct contact respiratory
49
What are the characteristics of chickenpox lesions?
1-4 mm diameter Superficial 250-500 lesions Vesicles --> pustules --> scabs Crops of lesions Dense on trunk, face, and scalp
50
Chickenpox lesions do not appear on ______ or _______
soles of feet palms of hands
51
Chickenpox is due to primary infection with _______
Varicella zoster virus (VZV)
52
What are complications of Chickenpox? x5
Bacterial infections of lesions Pneumonia CNS complications - meningitis, encephalitis, cerebellar ataxia Hospitalization Death
53
__________ leads to low birth weight, skin scarring, encephalitis, chorioretinitis, and microcephaly.
Infection during first 20 weeks of gestation
54
________ leads to disseminated (chickenpox) infections.
Infection late in gestation or right after birth
55
What causes shingles?
VZV reactivation
56
What is the epidemiology of Shingles?
Common in elderly and immunosuppressed
57
Shingles presents with ______ (pins and needles). Lesions are ____ on trunk, unilateral, and follow a ________
Paresthesia Vesicular Single dermatome
58
Shingles also causes ________ which is severe pain at site of lesions for months after lesion resolution. Lesions are infectious.
postherpetic neuralgia
59
What are the characteristics of Varicella-Zoster Virus?
Herpesviridae Enveloped dsDNA Latent infection - dorsal root ganglia and trigeminal ganglia
60
How do you diagnose varicella zoster virus?
Tzanck smear - positive in herpes infections (HSV, VZV)
61
How is VZV prevented?
Primary infections with VZV prevented with live attenuated vaccine Combined with mumps, measles, and rubella
62
The Zoster vaccine protects from _________.
VZV reactivations
63
What is an example of a Zoster Vaccine?
Recombinant Zoster Vaccine - Shingrix
64
What is RZV Shingrix vaccine made of? Who is it for?
Viral gE protein and an adjuvant - subunit vaccine Recommended for all aged 50 and older - including those with previous episode of zoster and/or those who received the zoster vaccine live

FoundSci III (22 decks)

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