overview of fluid & electrolyte physiology

Question 1

what is the percent of solids in a normal adult male?

Answer 1

40%

Question 2

what is the percent of solids in a normal adult male?

Answer 2

50%

Question 3

what is the percent of water in a normal adult male?

Answer 3

60%

Question 4

what is the percent of water in a normal adult female?

Answer 4

50%

Question 5

what are the 2 reasons for the difference between the solid & water content in males & females?

Answer 5

1. females have more adipose tissue
2. males have more muscle mass

Question 6

what is adipose tissue?

Answer 6

connective tissue made of fat cells called adipocytes

Question 7

what are 4 examples of solids found in the body?

Answer 7

1. proteins
2. lipids
3. carbs
4. minerals

Question 8

how many liters of water is found in a normal adult male?

Answer 8

40 liters

Question 9

what is ECF?

Answer 9

extracellular fluid, fluid outside the cell

Question 10

how much of the total body water does ECF make up?

Answer 10

1/3 of total body water, around 15 liters

Question 11

what is ICF?

Answer 11

intracellular fluid, fluid inside the cell

Question 12

how much of the total body water does ICF make up?

Answer 12

2/3 of total body water, around 25 liters

Question 13

what is plasma?

Answer 13

fluid in circulation of the blood vessels

Question 14

what is the percentage that plasma makes up in the ECF?

Answer 14

20%

Question 15

what is it called when fluid is between cells?

Answer 15

interstitial fluid

Question 16

what is the percentage that interstitial fluid makes up in the ECF?

Answer 16

80%

Question 17

how does the body get its fluid?

Answer 17

from water & food

Question 18

what is the main fluid input?

Answer 18

from the gastrointestinal tract

Question 19

how much fluid input is needed daily?

Answer 19

2500 mL

Question 20

what is the process of water entering into the body?

Answer 20

first water enters the ECF from the gastrointestinal tract, then water moves between the fluid compartments

Question 21

how does water move through the ECF, interstitial fluid, and ICF?

Answer 21

water moves passively through channels or cells, no need for energy

Question 22

what is osmosis?

Answer 22

when solvents pass through the semipermeable membrane to get to the more concentrated area, this would equal the concentration on both sides

Question 23

what are 4 ways the body loses fluid?

Answer 23

1. kidney
2. skin
3. gastrointestinal tract
4. lungs

Question 24

how much fluid does the body loose daily?

Answer 24

2500 mL

Question 25

what happens when there is a disruption in solute concentration?

Answer 25

fluid accumulates in the interstitial, but then the lymphatic vessels drain the fluid into the venous circulation

Question 26

what are the 4 common electrolytes?

Answer 26

1. sodium 2. potassium 3. calcium 4. chloride

Question 27

where are the 4 common electrolytes located?

Answer 27

in the extracellular fluid

Question 28

where can the 4 common electrolytes move between?

Answer 28

can move between plasma & interstitial fluid through the semi permeable membrane

Question 29

what is the concentration relationship between plasma and interstitial fluid?

Answer 29

the concentrations of plasma & interstitial fluid are about the same

Question 30

what is needed when an ion can't passively travel through the lipid membrane?

Answer 30

ions use transport protein channels to move through the phospholipid bilayer between the ECF & ICF

Question 31

what is another term for electrolyte?

Answer 31

ion

Question 32

what is the main location of sodium?

Answer 32

main extracellular fluid cation

Question 33

what is the symbol for sodium?

Answer 33

Na+

Question 34

what is the symbol for chloride?

Answer 34

Cl-

Question 35

what is the symbol for potassium?

Answer 35

K+

Question 36

what is the symbol for phosphate?

Answer 36

PO4-3

Question 37

what is the symbol for bicarbonate?

Answer 37

HCO3+

Question 38

what is the main location for chloride?

Answer 38

main extracellular fluid anion

Question 39

what is the main location for potassium?

Answer 39

main intracellular fluid cation

Question 40

what is the main location for phosphate?

Answer 40

main intracellular fluid anion

Question 41

what is the function for bicarbonate?

Answer 41

for acid/base balance

Question 42

why does water move passively?

Answer 42

in response to the osmotic gradient