the human body orientation

Question 1

anatomy

Answer 1

study of structure & shape of the body and its parts

Question 2

physiology

Answer 2

study of how the body and its part work together

Question 3

____ determines ____

Answer 3

structure determines function

Question 4

7 levels of structural complexity in the body

Answer 4

1. atoms
2. molecules
3. cells
4. tissues
5. organs
6. organ system
7. organism

Question 5

5 survival needs

Answer 5

1. nutrients
2. water
3. oxygen
4. regulated body temperature (heat)
5. atmospheric pressure

Question 6

homeostasis

Answer 6

stable internal environment, dynamic state of equilibrium

Question 7

intracellular fluid (ICF)

Answer 7

fluid within body cells

Question 8

extracellular fluid (ECF)

Answer 8

fluid outside body cells

Question 9

intercellular tissue fluid

Answer 9

ECF filling space between cells

Question 10

what is plasma

Answer 10

extracellular fluid in blood vessels

Question 11

lymph

Answer 11

ECF filtered through lymphatic vessels

Question 12

2 main systems to maintain homeostasis

Answer 12

nervous system & endocrine system

Question 13

what 3 things does the nervous system do to maintain homeostasis?

Answer 13

1. rapid response
2. short duration
3. uses electrical signals delivered by nerves

Question 14

what 3 things does the endocrine system do to maintain homeostasis?

Answer 14

1. slow response
2. longer duration
3. uses hormones delivered by circulatory system

Question 15

what is receptor?

Answer 15

input

Question 16

what does the control center do

Answer 16

integrate

Question 17

what is effector?

Answer 17

output

Question 18

what is the control mechanism order?

Answer 18

stimulus, afferent pathway (input), control center, efferent pathway (output), response

Question 19

what is the negative feedback system?

Answer 19

returns body to homeostasis by reversing the stimulus

Question 20

what are some examples of negative feedback system?

Answer 20

breathing rate, blood glucose levels, heart rate, body temp, sweating, shivering

Question 21

what is the positive feedback system?

Answer 21

enhances the stimulus to make the body go further from homeostasis

Question 22

what are 2 examples of positive feedback system?

Answer 22

childbirth (water break) & blood clotting (want to send more platelets to stop leak)

Question 23

what is anatomical position?

Answer 23

when the body is erect (straight), arms by side, palms facing forward

Question 24

what is another word for spine?

Answer 24

vertebral column

Question 25

what is vasodilation?

Answer 25

blood vessels widen to increase blood flow & warmth

Question 26

what is vasoconstriction?

Answer 26

narrows blood vessels to decrease blood pressure & sweats

Question 27

why are nutrients needed for in survival?

Answer 27

energy & cell building

Question 28

what makes up 60-80% of your body weight?

Answer 28

water

Question 29

what survival need is for metabolic reaction?

Answer 29

water

Question 30

why is oxygen needed for in survival?

Answer 30

to make oxidative chemical reactions, like ATP

Question 31

what survival has a result of a correct reaction rate?

Answer 31

regulated body temperature

Question 32

what is atmospheric pressure for?

Answer 32

for the respiratory system to work (because it needs oxygen)

Question 33

what type of neurons do receptors have?

Answer 33

sensory neurons

Question 34

what type of control mechanism detects temp, pressure, and bacteria?

Answer 34

receptor

Question 35

what control mechanism has motor neurons?

Answer 35

effector

Question 36

what is the control center part of the body?

Answer 36

brain which sends signals

Question 37

where does a local disease affect?

Answer 37

certain part of the body

Question 38

is strep throat a local or systematic disease?

Answer 38

local disease

Question 39

what type of disease affects the entire body or several parts of the body?

Answer 39

systematic disease

Question 40

what are signs?

Answer 40

changes that are observable or measured

Question 41

what are symptons?

Answer 41

things you are feeling, cannot be observed

Question 42

what are some examples of signs?

Answer 42

fever, rash

Question 43

what are some examples of symptoms?

Answer 43

nausea, headache

Question 44

what is set point?

Answer 44

the stabilized point that the body is trying to reach

Question 45

what is local homeostatic imbalance?

Answer 45

only affects a certain part of the body, so only a certain part of the body is imbalanced

Question 46

what is systematic homeostatic imbalance?

Answer 46

affects entire body, so entire body is imbalanced

Question 47

what is homeostatic imbalance?

Answer 47

when body is not able to return to homeostasis

Question 48

what are 4 signs of homeostatic imbalance?

Answer 48

1. increased heart rate 2. decreased blood pressure 3. fast breathing 4. decrease in urination frequencies

Question 49

confusion, irritability, aggression, anxiety, listlessness, delirium are all symptoms of what?

Answer 49

homeostatic imbalance

Question 50

what is cation?

Answer 50

lose electrons and become positively charged

Question 51

what is anion?

Answer 51

gain electrons and become negatively charged

Question 52

what is the charge of an electron?

Answer 52

negative

Question 53

what is the charge of a neutron?

Answer 53

no charge

Question 54

what is the charge of a proton?

Answer 54

positive