skin cancer and homeostatic imbalances

Question 1

what is skin cancer?

Answer 1

when basale cells do mitosis rapidly due to overexposure of UV rays

Question 2

what is basal cell carcinoma?

Answer 2

most common skin cancer, when basal cells cannot form keratin

Question 3

where does the cancer occur in basal cell carcinoma?

Answer 3

dermis and subcutaneous layer in areas exposed to the sun

Question 4

what is the treatment for basal cell carcinoma?

Answer 4

surgical removal

Question 5

where does squamous cell carcinoma develop?

Answer 5

in the stratum spinosum layer

Question 6

what are the 4 places squamous cell carcinoma is found?

Answer 6

1. lips
2. back of hands
3. scalp
4. ears

Question 7

what is the regular treatment for squamous cell carcinoma and what is the treatment when it gets very serious?

Answer 7

surgical removal for regular and radiation if it invades the lymph nodes

Question 8

where is malignant melanoma formed?

Answer 8

in melanocytes

Question 9

what is malignant melanoma?

Answer 9

most deadly skin cancer, can break off lymph vessels and blood vessels

Question 10

what are the 4 treatments for malignant melanoma?

Answer 10

1. surgical removal
2. immunotherapy
3. chemotherapy
4. radiation therapy

Question 11

what does the ABCDE rule in identifying skin cancer?

Answer 11

A - Asymmetry
B - Border irregularity
C - Color
D - Diameter
E - Evolving

Question 12

what is the A for in the ABCDE rule of skin cancer?

Answer 12

when you split the skin cancer in half, does it look the same on both sides

Question 13

what is the B for in the ABCDE rule of skin cancer?

Answer 13

is the shape of the skin cancer round or irregular in shape

Question 14

what is the C for in the ABCDE rule of skin cancer?

Answer 14

is the skin cancer black or 2-toned

Question 15

what is the D for in the ABCDE rule of skin cancer?

Answer 15

is the diameter of the skin cancer larger than 6 mm

Question 16

what is the E for in the ABCDE rule of skin cancer?

Answer 16

does the skin cancer change in shape or size, does it bleed or itch

Question 17

between what times should someone not be in the sun?

Answer 17

between 10 AM and 4 PM

Question 18

what is another name for decubitus ulcers?

Answer 18

bedsores

Question 19

what is bedsores?

Answer 19

skin ulcer caused by the restriction of blood supply which is due to prolonged pressure in one area

Question 20

what type of homeostatic imbalance is when poorly oxygenated blood causing skin to look blue?

Answer 20

cyanosis

Question 21

what is acne?

Answer 21

infection of sebaceous glands

Question 22

what is a whitehead?

Answer 22

sebum blocking sebaceous glands

Question 23

what is a blackhead?

Answer 23

when a whitehead becomes oxidized which makes it change color

Question 24

what is sebum?

Answer 24

an oily substance to keep skin moisturized

Question 25

what is another name for seborrhea?

Answer 25

cradle cap

Question 26

what is a cradle cap?

Answer 26

on the scalp of a baby, sebum buildup causes it to become yellow and crusty

Question 27

what is cold sores?

Answer 27

fluid filled blisters around mouth and genital areas

Question 28

what causes cold sores?

Answer 28

herpes simplex virus

Question 29

what happens when someone gets contact dermititis?

Answer 29

itchiness, redness, and swelling of skin

Question 30

what causes contact dermatitis?

Answer 30

exposure to chemicals (like poison ivy, oak)

Question 31

what is a lesion?

Answer 31

damage to the tissue caused by trauma or disease

Question 32

what causes impetigo?

Answer 32

bacteria

Question 33

what is impetigo?

Answer 33

pink, water filled lesions which are around mouth & nose

Question 34

what causes psoriasis?

Answer 34

overproduction of skin cells

Question 35

what is the result of psoriasis?

Answer 35

dry, itchy, red patches

Question 36

what are the 3 pigments that contribute to skin color?

Answer 36

1. melanin 2. carotene 3. hemoglobin

Question 37

what is the color range for melanin?

Answer 37

yellow, red-brown, black

Question 38

what is melanin responsible for and what does it cause?

Answer 38

responsible for the tanning of the skin, causing the more melanin you have, the darker you are

Question 39

how does the sun affect melanocytes?

Answer 39

it worsens melanin buildup

Question 40

what is the color range of carotene?

Answer 40

yellow, orange

Question 41

what are the 3 places carotene is found?

Answer 41

1. carrots 2. palms of hands 3. soles of feet

Question 42

what vitamin is in carotene?

Answer 42

vitamin A

Question 43

what is carotene?

Answer 43

pigment found in plants to give it its color

Question 44

what are the 6 colors of hemoglobin?

Answer 44

1. pale 2. yellow 3. blue 4. pink 5. bronze 6. redness

Question 45

what hemoglobin is pale what does it mean?

Answer 45

pale color is caused by lack of blood

Question 46

what hemoglobin is yellow what does it mean?

Answer 46

caused by buildup of bile in the blood, also known as Jaundice

Question 47

what hemoglobin is blue what does it mean?

Answer 47

also known as cyanosis, is the lack of oxygen

Question 48

what hemoglobin is pink what does it mean?

Answer 48

it has a normal hue

Question 49

what hemoglobin is bronze what does it mean?

Answer 49

can be Addison's disease which has a metallic appearance

Question 50

what hemoglobin is redness what does it mean?

Answer 50

can be erytheme, blushing, inflammation, hypertension

Question 51

what hemoglobin is dark purple, green, yellow in color and what is it?

Answer 51

bruises is when blood escapes & clots tissue space

Question 52

what is the hair, or pili made of?

Answer 52

keratin

Question 53

what is the function of the shaft of the hair?

Answer 53

shoots hair out from the skin

Question 54

what is the root of the hair for?

Answer 54

it is in the skin to show what type of hair it is (curly or straight)

Question 55

what is the function of the hair matrix for?

Answer 55

to grow new hair because it is rich in blood supply

Question 56

what 5 things are in the hair follicle?

Answer 56

1. hair root 2. nerve endings 3. papilla, or the capillaries 4. arrector pili which raises hair 5. melanocytes give hair color

Question 57

what is the fine body hair on children and females called?

Answer 57

fine vellus

Question 58

what is terminal hair and how does it grow?

Answer 58

scalp hair and eyebrows grow in response to sex hormones (meaning more testorone, the more terminal hair)

Question 59

what is alopecia?

Answer 59

hair loss, new hairs don't replace old hairs as quickly

Question 60

what is male pattern baldness?

Answer 60

a genetic and sex-influenced condition

Question 61

what are nails made of?

Answer 61

hard keratin

Question 62

what is the nail matrix for?

Answer 62

for new nail growth

Question 63

what is another term for eponychium?

Answer 63

cuticle

Question 64

what is the function of the cuticle?

Answer 64

to protect nail matrix

Question 65

what is the function of the hyponychium?

Answer 65

attaches to underlying tissue/nail bed

Question 66

what is another term for sudiforous glands?

Answer 66

sweat glands

Question 67

where are sweat glands located?

Answer 67

entire body except for nipples and external genitalia

Question 68

how many sweat glands per person?

Answer 68

2.5 million per person

Question 69

what are the 3 types of sweat glands?

Answer 69

1. eccrine 2. apocrine 3. sebaceous

Question 70

what are the 3 places eccrine sweat gland found?

Answer 70

1. palms of hands 2. soles of feet 3. forehead

Question 71

what is the purpose of the eccrine sweat glands?

Answer 71

for temp regulation

Question 72

what kind of tissue is apocrine sweat gland?

Answer 72

stratified cuboidal tissue

Question 73

what are the 2 locations apocrine sweat glands are found?

Answer 73

1. axillary (armpit) 2. genital areas

Question 74

what is the purpose of apocrine sweat glands?

Answer 74

to make body odor made of decomposed fats and proteins

Question 75

what is another term for sebaceous glands?

Answer 75

oil glands

Question 76

where is sebaceous glands located?

Answer 76

all over body except palms of hands and soles of feet

Question 77

what does sebaceous glands secrete?

Answer 77

sebum (oil)

Question 78

what are the 2 functions of sebaceous glands?

Answer 78

1. to smooth & soften hair + skin 2. slows water loss

Question 79

what is a type of nerve ending?

Answer 79

cutaneous sensory receptors

Question 80

what do cutaneous sensory receptors do?

Answer 80

respond to stimuli

Question 81

what are the 5 types of cutaneous sensory receptors?

Answer 81

1. meissner's corpuscles 2. pacinian receptors 3. root hair plexuses 4. bare nerve endings 5. merkel discs

Question 82

what is meissner's corpuscles?

Answer 82

in the superficial of the dermis, can sense light touch

Question 83

what is pacinian receptors?

Answer 83

in the deep of the dermis, detects pressure

Question 84

what does bare nerve endings do?

Answer 84

sense cold, heat

Question 85

where are merkel discs located and what is its function?

Answer 85

in basal layer, for fine special separation