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skin & body membranes Flashcards

(54 cards)

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1
Q

what does the integumentary system cover?

A

entire body

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2
Q

how many lbs is the integumentary system?

A

9 lbs

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3
Q

what percent of the integumentary system makes up the total body weight?

A

7%

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4
Q

in every sq cm the skin contains how many cm of blood vessels in the pinkie finger alone?

A

70 cm

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5
Q

in every sq cm the skin contains how many cm if nerves?

A

55 cm

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6
Q

how many sensory receptors are in the body?

A

230 sensory receptors

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7
Q

how many sweat glands are there in the integumentary system?

A

100

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8
Q

how many oil glands are in the integumentary system?

A

15

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9
Q

what is another term for oil glands?

A

sebaceous glands which waterproofs and protects the skin

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10
Q

how many cells are dying and constantly being replaced

A

1/2 million

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11
Q

what are the main 5 types of membranes found in the body?

A
  1. epithelial
  2. cutaneous
  3. mucous
  4. serous
  5. connective tissue membrane
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12
Q

is the epithelial membrane layer superficial or deep?

A

superficial, near the surface

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13
Q

what is the underlying deep layer of the epithelial membrane?

A

connective tissue

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14
Q

what is the cutaneous membrane also known as?

A

the skin

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15
Q

what are the 2 functions of the cutaneous membrane?

A
  1. protection
  2. keratinizing stratified squamous epithelium
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16
Q

what is the cutaneous membrane held down by?

A

dense irregular fibrous connective tissue

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17
Q

mucous membranes are the underlying what?

A

loose connective tissue

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18
Q

where is the mucous membrane located?

A

lining cavities that are open to the environment like the digestive and respiratory tracts

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19
Q

what are goblet cells and what membrane are they apart of?

A

goblet cells are apart of the mucous membrane and they secrete mucus to line the surface epithelial for protection

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20
Q

what 2 types of tissue make up 2 layers of the serous membrane?

A
  1. simple squamous
  2. areolar connective tissue
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21
Q

where is the serous fluid between in the serous membrane?

A

between parietal and visceral peritoneum

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22
Q

what 2 layers of tissue make up the serous membrane (scientific names) and why?

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. parietal peritoneum
  2. visceral peritoneum
    to decrease friction
23
Q

where is the serous membrane found?

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A

lining body cavities, specifically pericardial, abdominal, and pleural cavities

24
Q

what are synovial membranes?

Study These Flashcards
A

soft areolar connective tissue

25
does synovial/connective tissue have epithelial cells?
no
26
where is the synovial membrane ofund?
lining fibrous capsules surrounding the joints like shoulder and elbow
27
what are the 2 functions of the synovial/connective membrane?
1. for smooth surface 2. secrete synovial fluid to lubricate
28
what are the 4 types of damages the skin protects you from?
1. mechanical 2. chemical 3. bacterial 4. thermal
29
what are the remaining 6 things the skin protects you from (not including the 4 damages)?
1. ultraviolet radiation 2. desiccation 3. heat loss 4. heat retention 5. excretion of urea & uric acid through sweat 6. cholesterol molecules in skin convert vitamin D from sunlight
30
what is mechanical damage (the thing skin protects you from)?
pressure receptors alert nervous system from upcoming damaging movement and friction
31
what is chemical damage (the thing skin protects you from)?
stops chemicals from getting into underlying tissues by activating pain receptors to alert nervous system
32
what is bacterial damage (the thing skin protects you from)?
phagocytes ingest foreign substances and pathogens
33
what is ultraviolet radiation?
melanin made by melanocytes are for protection
34
what is thermal damage (the thing skin protects you from)?
heat, cold, and pain receptors
35
what is desiccation?
keratin in cells to reduce evaporation
36
what does heat loss do?
activates sweat glands to allow blood to go into skin capillaries
37
what are keratinocytes?
cells make keratin, a protein that makes the epidermis tough and protective
38
what is melanocytes?
make melanin, a pigment protecting DNA from UV light damage
39
what are dendritic cells?
alerts immune system of bacterial threat
40
what are merkel cells?
sensory nerve endings that are touch receptors
41
what type of tissue is the dermis made of?
connective tissue
42
what are the 3 made things found in the dermis?
1. blood 2. nerves 3. lymph vessels
43
what are the cell types mostly found in the dermis?
1. macrophages 2. fibroblasts
44
what are the 2 major layers of the dermis?
1. papillary 2. reticualr
45
what are the 2 functions of the papillary layer of the dermis?
1. connects epidermis to dermis 2. is the place where finger and foot prints are found
46
what is in the papillary layer of the dermis?
blood vessels
47
what is the tissue type of the reticular layer of the dermis?
dense irregular connective tissue
48
what is the function of the reticular layer of the dermis?
for strength and flexibility, the dense irregular part gives flexibility
49
what is the percentage distribution for how much of the dermis reticular and papillary layer make up?
reticular: 80% of dermis papillary: 20% of dermis
50
where is the reticular layer of the dermis most commonly found?
in cleavage lines where skin heals better if an incision is made along this area
51
what layer is found under the dermis?
hypodermis or subcutaneous layer
52
what is the subcutaneous layer made of?
adipose tissue, or fat
53
is the subcutaneous layer considered a skin layer?
no
54
what are the 5 functions of the hypodermis layer of the skin?
1. stores energy 2. body temp regulation 3. protection 4. hormone making 5. cushioning

Anatomy & Physiology (15 decks)

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