passive diffusion & active transport

Question 1

what are the 2 types of passive diffusion?

Answer 1

1. facilitated diffusion
2. diffusion

Question 2

what is diffusion?

Answer 2

balancing # of molecules on both sides of a semi-permeable membrane

Question 3

what is a solution?

Answer 3

substance that contains 1 or more molecules

Question 4

what is a solvent?

Answer 4

the dissolving agent of the solute

Question 5

what is a solute?

Answer 5

substance inside the cell that is dissolved into a solution, can be gas, liquid, or solid

Question 6

solutes are also what?

Answer 6

molecules

Question 7

what is an aqueous solution?

Answer 7

a solution where the solvent is water

Question 8

in simple passive diffusion what concentration will the molecules move from?

Answer 8

high –> low concentration (moving down concentration gradient)

Question 9

what is net diffusion?

Answer 9

when the flow of molecules in one direction is greater than the flow of molecules in the other direction

Question 10

what is dynamic equilibrium?

Answer 10

the state of balance where solutes will continue moving at an equal rate

Question 11

what type of diffusion is facilitated diffusion?

Answer 11

where proteins transports have to be used to transport polar molecules or ions (solutes)

Question 12

what are the 2 types of protein transporters used in facilitated diffusion?

Answer 12

1. channel proteins
2. carrier proteins

Question 13

what are the 2 types of channel proteins in facilitated diffusion?

Answer 13

1. simple channel protein
2. gated channel protein

Question 14

what is channel proteins in facilitated diffusion?

Answer 14

allows a certain solute to move from high –> low concentration by using a protein

Question 15

what is a simple channel protein from facilitated diffusion?

Answer 15

simply allows for solutes to move through, no need for a stimulus

Question 16

what is a gated channel protein from facilitated diffusion?

Answer 16

a gate for molecules/ions to go through, but can only be opened by an electrical stimulus or chemical

Question 17

what are carrier proteins in facilitated diffusion?

Answer 17

allows a specific solute to bind to a binding site

Question 18

what is extracellular fluid?

Answer 18

fluid on the outside of the cell

Question 19

what is intracellular fluid?

Answer 19

fluid on the inside of the cell

Question 20

when solutes pass through the membrane, does it save more energy to go through a transporter (facilitated diffusion) or without a transporter (diffusion)?

Answer 20

saves more Gibbs free energy to go through a transporter

Question 21

is energy required for a passive facilitated diffusion protein channel?

Answer 21

no

Question 22

what are the 2 types of active transport?

Answer 22

1. primary
2. secondary

Question 23

is energy needed for active transport?

Answer 23

yes, ATP is needed

Question 24

what is another term for concentration gradient?

Answer 24

electrochemical gradient

Question 25

what is a type of active primary protein channel?

Answer 25

sodium-potassium pump (ATPase)

Question 26

during active primary transport how is energy released?

Answer 26

by ATP hydrolysis which allows another solute to move against the gradient

Question 27

what are the 4 steps for active primary transport?

Answer 27

1. solute bind to channel 2. phosphate group is attached to the transporter 3. ATP is used to flip the transporter 4. solute is released

Question 28

what is the main part of active secondary transport?

Answer 28

a solute moving down the gradient will let out energy to power the transporter to allow another solute moving up the gradient

Question 29

what are the 3 types of active secondary transport?

Answer 29

1. uniporter 2. symporter 3. antiporter

Question 30

what is the uniporter?

Answer 30

moving one type of solute up or down the gradient

Question 31

what is the symporter?

Answer 31

moves 2 or more molecules in the same direction

Question 32

what is the antiporter?

Answer 32

moves 2 or more molecules in opposite directions

Question 33

the symporter and antiporter are also what?

Answer 33

co-transporters because they transport 2 or more molecules