(P) Lesson 2: Infection Control

Question 1

Process by which a pathogen enters, multiplies, and causes illness to the body

Answer 1

Infection

Question 2

Microorganisms that cause disease are called what?

Answer 2

Pathogens

Question 3

Non-pathogenic microorganisms on our skin and GIT

Answer 3

Normal Flora

Question 4

T or F: Normal flora can become pathogenic

Answer 4

True (if they exist in a location they aren’t meant to be in)

Question 5

Infection that affects only one area of the body

Answer 5

Local infection

Question 6

Infection that affects the entire body

Answer 6

Systemic infection

Question 7

Infection caused by one’s own flora

Answer 7

Autogenous infection

Question 8

Diseases that spread from one person to another

Answer 8

Communicable disease

Question 9

Infections acquired in healthcare facilities

Answer 9

Nosocomial infections

Question 10

Microorganisms that develop resistances to specific antibiotics

Answer 10

Antibiotic Resistant Infections

Question 11

Microorganisms that develop resistances to multiple antibiotics; aka superbugs

Answer 11

Multi-Drug Resistant Organisms

Question 12

The continuous link in the transmission of pathogens between a source and host

Answer 12

Chain of Infection

Question 13

The causative agent for infections that may be bacteria, protozoa, virus, etc.

Answer 13

Infectious Agent

Question 14

The place where pathogens can grow, survive, and multiply (animals, humans, plants, soil, etc.)

Answer 14

Reservoir

Question 15

The pathway where an infectious agent can leave a reservoir host; can be secretions from the eyes, nose, mouth, blood, feces, urine, etc.

Answer 15

Exit Pathway

Question 16

Refers to contact that may be direct or indirect

Answer 16

Means of Transmission

Question 17

Physical transfer from the source to the host through close or intimate contact

Answer 17

Direct Contact

Question 18

Transfer of pathogens via an object such as bed linings, instruments, furniture, etc.

Answer 18

Indirect Contact

Question 19

Transfer of pathogens through the mucus membranes of the host via water particles

Answer 19

Droplet Transmission

Question 20

T or F: Droplet size is less than 5 micrometers

Answer 20

False (more than 5 micrometers)

Question 21

T or F: Droplet pathogens do not remain suspended in the air

Answer 21

True

Question 22

Droplet nuclei develop when the fluid evaporates in this type of transmission

Answer 22

Airborne Transmission

Question 23

T or F: Airborne pathogens remain infective in particles larger than 5 micrometers

Answer 23

False (less than 5 micrometers)

Question 24

T or F: Airborne pathogens can stay suspended in the air for several hours

Answer 24

True

Question 25

A transfer via contaminated materials such as food or water

Answer 25

Vehicle

Question 26

Transmission via insects or animals

Answer 26

Vector-borne

Question 27

Pathway to which an agent enters a host body through orifices, membranes, or breaks in the skin

Answer 27

Entry Pathway

Question 28

T or F: Usually, the exit pathway is not the same as the entry pathway

Answer 28

False (usually the same)

Question 29

Someone prone to infection due to decreased ability to resist them (immunocompromised)

Answer 29

Susceptible Host

Question 30

An effective way to prevent the spread of infection using soap and water

Answer 30

Hand Hygiene

Question 31

"Sepsis" means what?

Answer 31

Microbial

Question 32

T or F: One should bring the blood collection trays inside the nursery when doing these procedures

Answer 32

False (leave them outside the nursery/ICU)

Question 33

This isolation procedure is done if you were exposed to someone carrying a transmissible disease

Answer 33

Quarantine

Question 34

This isolation procedure is done if you are the one who's sick and carrying a transmissible disease

Answer 34

Isolate

Question 35

This isolation procedure is done for patients who are highly susceptible to infections (separating the immunocompromised)

Answer 35

Protective/Reverse Isolation

Question 36

Type of microorganisms in human blood that are infectious and can cause disease

Answer 36

Blood-borne pathogens

Question 37

T or F: Hepatitis B can survive for a week on objects

Answer 37

True

Question 38

T or F: Hepatitis B's mode of transmission is airborne

Answer 38

False (needle sticks and sexual contact)

Question 39

Ability of a microbe to survive on surfaces for a long period of time

Answer 39

Viability

Question 40

Degree of a microbe to cause disease

Answer 40

Virulence

Question 41

T or F: HIV is more viable and more virulent than Hepatitis B

Answer 41

False (Hepatitis B is more viable and more virulent than HIV)

Question 42

T or F: Disinfectant ratio of bleach solution should be 1:10

Answer 42

True (sodium hypochlorite)

Question 43

Any material that could be harmful to one’s health

Answer 43

Biohazard

Question 44

Safe handling of biological substances that pose a risk to health; prevents and protects clinical laboratories from harmful incidents caused by hazardous specimens

Answer 44

Biosafety

Question 45

Protecting the organism from people that plan to steal or manipulate the specimen

Answer 45

Biosecurity

Question 46

Permucosal transmission refers to transferring diseases through?

Answer 46

Mucous membranes of the mouth, nose, and eyes

Question 47

Percutaneous transmission refers to transferring diseases through?

Answer 47

Intact skin via needle sticks and sharp objects

Question 48

What are the 4 components of the fire tetrahedron?

Answer 48

Heat, fuel, oxygen, and a chemical reaction

Question 49

T or F: Fire can be extinguished even if you remove just 1 element from the tetrahedron

Answer 49

True

Question 50

Class of fire caused by ordinary combustible materials

Answer 50

Class A

Question 51

Class A fires can be extinguished using what types of extinguishers?

Answer 51

A (Water), AB (Foam) or ABC (Dry Chemical)

Question 52

Class of fire caused by flammable liquids and vapors (paint, oil, grease, gasoline)

Answer 52

Class B

Question 53

Class B fires can be extinguished using what types of extinguishers?

Answer 53

AB (Foam), ABC (Dry Chemical), or BC (Dry Chemical)

Question 54

Class of fire caused by electrical equipment

Answer 54

Class C

Question 55

Class C fires can be extinguished using what types of extinguishers?

Answer 55

CO2-containing, ABC and BC (dry chemicals)

Question 56

T or F: You can use foam in extinguishing Class C fires

Answer 56

False (NEVER use foam for electrical fires)

Question 57

Class of fire caused by combustible chemical/reactive metals

Answer 57

Class D

Question 58

Class C fires can be extinguished using what types of extinguisher?

Answer 58

D (Dry Powder)

Question 59

Class of fire caused by cooking oil or grease fats

Answer 59

Class K

Question 60

Class K fires can be extinguished using what types of extinguisher?

Answer 60

K (potassium-based alkaline liquid)

Question 61

What does PASS mean for using fire extinguishers?

Answer 61

Pull pin, Aim nozzle, Squeeze trigger, and Sweep nozzle

Question 62

What does RACE stand for in emergency fires?

Answer 62

Rescue people in danger, Activate fire alarms, Close all doors, and Extinguish the fire

Question 63

T or F: You can pour water on acid

Answer 63

False

Question 64

Injury characterized by abnormal or profuse bleeding

Answer 64

External Hemorrhage

Question 65

Refers to insufficient return of blood to the heart which results to a lack of oxygen supply to all organs and tissue

Answer 65

Shock

Question 66

Emergency procedure performed when the heart stops beating

Answer 66

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

Question 67

How many inches should each push be when performing CPR?

Answer 67

2 inches

Question 68

What is the ratio of compressions to rescue breaths?

Answer 68

30:2 respectively