Part 5

Question 1

fractures of the distal humerus

Answer 1

transcondylar
lateral condyle
medial condyle
T shaped intercondylar
Y shaped intercondylar
modified T or Y shaped

Question 2

what is the most common elbow fracture in children?

Answer 2

supracondylar

Question 3

what is the most common elbow fracture in adults?

Answer 3

radial head or neck

Question 4

what are some things to look out for when evaulating the elbow?

Answer 4

positive fat pad sign
radio-capitellar line
anterior humeral line
hockey stick appearance

Question 5

what are the routine radiographs for the elbow?

Answer 5

AP

lateral

Question 6

positive fat pad sign

Answer 6

anterior fat pad “sail sign”

see posterior fat pad

Question 7

what line is helpful in determining supracondylar fractures?

Answer 7

anterior humeral line

Question 8

what line is helpful in determining radial subluxations?

Answer 8

radiocapitellar line

Question 9

where does the anterior humeral line usually fall?

Answer 9

middle 1/3 of the capitellum

Question 10

ossification of capitellum

Answer 10

3-6 months

Question 11

ossification of radial head

Answer 11

4-5 years

Question 12

ossification of internal/medial epicondyle

Answer 12

5-7 years

Question 13

ossification of trochlea

Answer 13

8-9 years

Question 14

ossification of olecranon

Answer 14

8-10 years

Question 15

ossification of external/lateral epicondyle

Answer 15

11-12 years

Question 16

what is the helpful mnemonic for the ossification centers of the elbow?

Answer 16

CRITOE

Question 17

is it a problem if one of the ossification centers occifies out of order?

Answer 17

yes, needs further examination

Question 18

nursemaid’s elbow results from?

Answer 18

sudden jerk or pull on the hand resulting in entrapment of the annular ligament of the radial head

Question 19

how does the child hold their arm if they have nursemaid’s elbow?

Answer 19

pronation

Question 20

reduction of nursemaid’s elbow is by?

Answer 20

supinating the forearm

Question 21

how common is dislocating the elbow?

Answer 21

adults: 3rd most common
children: most common

Question 22

what is the most common classification of elbow dislocation?

Answer 22

posterior/posterolateral

Question 23

what is the most common injury to the forearm?

Answer 23

both bones fractured

Question 24

galeezzi’s fracture

Answer 24

oblique spiral like fracture of the distal radius

slight dislocation of the distal radial ulnar articulation

Question 25

both bones fracture

Answer 25

transverse fractures of both bones of the distal forearm with posterior and lateral displacment and over riding deformity

Question 26

nightstick fracture

Answer 26

usually due to direct trauma to the forearm, which is raised to protect the head during an assault with a club or hard object minimally displaced oblique fracture of the distal ulnar shaft

Question 27

monteggia fracture

Answer 27

oblique fracture to the shaft of the ulna | radial head dislocated anteriorly

Question 28

greenstick fracture

Answer 28

partial disruption of the cortex with angular change at the fracture site tendancy for re-angulation following initial reduction

Question 29

what bones does a greenstick fracture involve?

Answer 29

radius, ulna (maybe even both)

Question 30

torus fracture

Answer 30

most common fracture of a child FOOSH injury outward bulging of the cortex often at the posterior radial surface

Question 31

which view is a torus fracture seen best?

Answer 31

lateral

Question 32

routine views of the wrist

Answer 32

PA oblique lateral

Question 33

colles' fracture

Answer 33

fracture of the radius about 1 1/2 inches above the carpals with posterior displacement of the distal fragment

Question 34

colles' fracture usually occurs in what age group?

Answer 34

elderly

Question 35

what is the mechanism of injury for colles'?

Answer 35

FOOSH

Question 36

colles' fractures are often associated with?

Answer 36

ulnar styloid fractures

Question 37

what is the deformity associated with colles' fracture?

Answer 37

dinner fork deformity

Question 38

what are some radiographic indicators of colles' fracture?

Answer 38

pronator quadratus fascial line should be less than 3mm of the radius to be normal

Question 39

smith's fracture

Answer 39

fracture of the radius 1 1/2 inches from the carpals withe anterior angulation of the distal fragment

Question 40

smith's fracture results from?

Answer 40

fall on back of the hand

Question 41

what is a smith's fracture also known as?

Answer 41

reverse colles' fracture

Question 42

barton's fracture

Answer 42

fracture of the posterior rim of the radius with accompanying carpal dislocation

Question 43

what causes a barton's fracture?

Answer 43

FOOSH

Question 44

hutchinson's/chauffeur's fracture

Answer 44

radial styloid process | may be avulsion or direct trauma

Question 45

what view is hutchinson's fracture best seen?

Answer 45

P-A view

Question 46

what is the most common carpal injury?

Answer 46

scaphoid

Question 47

who most commonly gets carpal injuries?

Answer 47

15-40 year olds

Question 48

what part of the scaphoid is most commonly involved?

Answer 48

waist

Question 49

what is the most common site for an occult (cannot see on radiograph) fracture?

Answer 49

scaphoid

Question 50

which view can you most commonly see scaphoid fracturess?

Answer 50

ulnar flexion

Question 51

what are the complications for scaphoid fractures?

Answer 51

often occult delayed union nonunion avascular necrosis