Part 7

Question 1

What is the most common dislocation of the hip?

Answer 1

posterior

Question 2

how does a posterior hip dislocation occur?

Answer 2

commonly when the hip is in flexion

Question 3

what fracture is often assocated with a posterior hip dislocation?

Answer 3

acetabular rim fracture

Question 4

what is the leg placement for posterior hip dislocation

Answer 4

superior to acetabulum, internally rotated and adducted

Question 5

what are the normal views for a pelvis?

Answer 5

AP

frog leg

Question 6

anterior hip dislocations are a result of?

Answer 6

abduction and external rotation of the leg

Question 7

how is the leg positioned in an anterior hip dislocation?

Answer 7

externally rotated, abducted and flexed

Question 8

what fracture is assocated with an anterior hip dislocation?

Answer 8

femoral head fracture

Question 9

putti’s triad

Answer 9

small epiphysis
shallow acetabulum
lateral displacement of the femur

Question 10

who most commonly gets fractures of the proximal femur?

Answer 10

elderly women

Question 11

what are the different types of proximal femur fractures?

Answer 11

capital
subcapital
basicervical
intertrochanteric
subtrochanteric

Question 12

what are the different types of intracapsular proximal femur fractures?

Answer 12

capital
subcapital
basicervical

Question 13

what are the differnt types of extracapsular proximal femur fractures?

Answer 13

intertrochanteric
trochanteric
subtrochanteric

Question 14

fatigue fracture

Answer 14

application of abnormal stress on a normal bone

Question 15

insufficiency fracture

Answer 15

application of a normal stress on an abnormal bone

Question 16

femoral shaft fracture

Answer 16

usually a result of severe violence

50% of people will have other injuries

Question 17

what is the most common form of a femoral shaft fracture?

Answer 17

transverse fracture of the mid shaft

Question 18

intra-articular fractures of the distal femur will cause what?

Answer 18

leakage of blood and marrow into the joint which will distend the bursa to form a lipohaemarthrosis. fat lies on top of blood

Question 19

FBI sign indicates

Answer 19

intra-articular fracture

Question 20

if you don’t see a line in the fat pad, it is not an FBI sign, but instead?

Answer 20

effusion

Question 21

what is the name of the fat pad that is inferior to the patella?

Answer 21

Hoffa’s

Question 22

what is located superior to the patella?

Answer 22

suprapatellar pouch

Question 23

avulsion of the anterior tibial spine is most common in who?

Answer 23

children

Question 24

what does an avulsion of the anterior tibial spine result from?

Answer 24

hyperextension of the knee with internal rotation on the tibia

Question 25

50% of all avulsion of anteiror tibial spine are from?

Answer 25

bicycle

Question 26

what else can you find with an avulsion of the anterior tibial spine in an adult?

Answer 26

ACL tear

Question 27

what is the most common fracture of the patella?

Answer 27

transverse

Question 28

what are the soft tissues of the knee?

Answer 28

``` ACL PCL MCL LCL medial meniscus lateral meniscus infrapatellar tendon ```

Question 29

which is more common, fractures or soft tissue injuries?

Answer 29

soft tissue

Question 30

describe a complete crutiate ligament tear

Answer 30

focal discrete complete disruption of all visible fibers (white on T2) horizontal orientation with undulating contour lateral femoral condyle bruising

Question 31

describe a partial/intrasubstance tear

Answer 31

abnormal signal intensty within substance of ligament with some intact and some discontinuous fibers

Question 32

what are some signs and symptoms of a mensical tear?

Answer 32

``` popping sound at the time of the injury pain tightness swelling within the kneee locking up, catching or giving way of the knee tenderness in the joint ```

Question 33

where is delayed or non union of the lower leg?

Answer 33

distal 1/3

Question 34

stress fractures are common in what part of the lower leg?

Answer 34

proximal 1/3

Question 35

other fractures of the lower leg are common in what part?

Answer 35

middle or distal 1/3s

Question 36

what are the types of tibia and fibula fractures?

Answer 36

tibia- segond's, toddler | fibula- maisonneuve