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Year2 GI Exam I > Path I > Flashcards

Path I Flashcards

1
Q

epithelium type of oral cavity

A

squamous, focally keratinized

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2
Q

what is in the pulp of our teeth

A

nerves, capillaries, lymphatics, CT

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3
Q

what makes up cementum of our teeth

A

hydrozyapatite and collagen that is anchored by the periodontal ligament

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4
Q

role of periodontal ligament

A

anchors cementum
procides nutrients and vascularity for cemetoblasts
mulipotential cells

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5
Q

what makes up dentin of teeth

A

odontoblasts

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6
Q

what are the primary colonizers of the oral cavity

A

strep mutans
actinomyces
neisseria
veillonella

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7
Q

what are the secondary colonizeers of the oral cavity

A

fusobacterium nucleatum
prevotella intermedia
porphyromonas gingivalis
capnocytophaga species

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8
Q

what are the late colonizers of the oral cavity

A 
campylobacter rectus
eikenella corrodens
actinobacillus
actinomyetem comitans
treponema
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9
Q

supragingival plaques are usually from what

A

dental caries- S mutans
endodontic infection
periapical abscess

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10
Q

subgingival plaques are usually from what

A 
peridontal infection
gingivitis- P intermedia
Peridontitis: R gingivitis in adults, actinomyetem comitans in children
pericoronitis
fascial space infection
osteomyelitis
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11
Q

what dissolves the enamel on teeth

A

plaque+lactic acid+lowpH

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12
Q

what are major risk factors for destroying enamel

A 
frequency of sugar exposure
processed foods
xerostomia
medications
sjogren disease
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13
Q

complications from dental caries

A

periosteal abscess, fistula to skin

radicular periapical cyst

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14
Q

sings of cavernous sinus thrombosis

A

HA, lateral gaze palsy and horizontal diplopia

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15
Q

What is ludwigs angina

A

cystic mass or inflammation form carie that causes tongue to be pushed on airway

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16
Q

what is gingivitis

A

inflammation of the gingiva

erythema, edema, bleeding

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17
Q

what type of microbes are found on peridontium in active periodontitis

A

anaerobes and microaerophillic gram -

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18
Q

names of top culprits in adult periodontitis

A

actinobaccilus
actinomycetem comitans
prevotella intermedia

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19
Q

what are signs of periodontitis

A

loose teeth, infection, bad breath, tooth loss

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20
Q

what classifies moderate and severe periodontal disease

A

moderate- 4-5 mm connection lost

severe >6 mm connection loss

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21
Q

what parts of teeth are affected by periodonitits

A

cementum, periodontal ligament and alveolar bone

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22
Q

what systemic diseases can cause to periodontisis

A 
AIDS
leukemia
DM
sarcoidosis
congenital:kostmanns disease and chediak higashi
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23
Q

what is kostmanns disease

A

severe congenital neutropenia

LL37 protein

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24
Q

what is chediak higashi syndrome

A

agranulocytosis, cycli neutropenia

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25
what is an apthous ulcer
canker sore painful ulceration of oral cavity mucosa single ulcer with red halow surrounding central white-yellowish membrane
26
What are the 2 herpes viruses
HSV-1 orofacial | HSV-2 genital
27
test for herpes
Tzanck, multinucleated giant cells
28
what are the 2 patterns of initial HSV-1 infection
90% asymptomatic or mild transient orofacial blisters | 10% acute herpetic gingivostomatitis- numerous mucosal ulcers
29
what does oral candidiasis look like
white cheesy, velvety | easily scraped away with little or no bleeding
30
what will candida show on PAS stain
pseudo-hyphae
31
2 factors that can lead to oral hairy leukoplakia? | what does it look like?
``` immune suppression (HIV) + EBV lateral border of tongue, does NOT scrape off ```
32
What can cause a black hairy tongue
smoking and bad oral hygiene
33
what are you testing when using heterophile Ab test
EBV-monospot test | if agglutinates, have EBV
34
what is an irritation fibroma
result in repetitive trauma reactive fibroelastic tissue Tx with surgical excision usually on tongue or buccal mucosa
35
what type of tissue is pyogenic granuloma
reactive granulation tissuew
36
pyogenic granulomas are common in what patients
pregnancy | and in children
37
95% of oral cavity cancers are what? | the other 5%?
95- squamous cell carcinoma | 5- adenocarcinomas of salivary glands
38
70% HPC in oral pharynx is what type
type 16
39
describe progression of squamous cell carcinoma in oral cavity
hyperkeratosis low grad dysplasia high grade dysplasia (carcinoma in situ) invasive carcinoma
40
what decides whether cancer has capacity to metastasize
crosses BM
41
what is leukoplakia
white patch that cannot be scraped off | d/t keratin
42
what must you do inpatient with hyperkeratosis in mouth
biopsy to evaluate if has premalignant changes
43
what is erythroplakia
red patch more ominous becuase eroded mucosa 90% dysplasia or CIS, some SCC
44
oral cavity SCC are at what stage usually
II-III
45
what is stage II SCC
>2 cm, <4 cm no spread
46
stage III SCC
>4cm or spread to one cervical lymph
47
stage IV SCC
multiple or node>3cm, spread to other tissues or metastasized
48
Tx stage I-II SCC of oral cavity
wide local excision or RT
49
Tx stage III-IV SCC or oral cavity
excision + RT +/- chemo
50
what does SCC look like hist from oral cavity
keratin pearls
51
HPV assoc tumors of oral cavity have better or worse prognosis?
better
52
tumors found in salivary glands are more likely benign or malignant?
benign
53
clinical presentation of mump
acute onset b/l tender sself limited swelling of parotid or other salivary glands 2+ days
54
complications from mumps
testicular inflammation-- sterility
55
distribution of sjogren syndrome
9F:1M peaks at mid 20s and mid 50s | auto-immune etiology
56
what is in mild form of sjogrens
dry eyes and mouth
57
what is severe form sjogrens
dry eyes and mouth florid salivary gland enlargement, adenopathy, vaginal dryness, joint dryness risk of NHL in 5%
58
What Ab do you look for in Sjogrens
SS-A Ro | SS-B La
59
what is angular cheilitis
corners of mouth are dry | seen in sjogrens
60
what is the most common lesion of salivary glands
mucocele, mucous retention cyst
61
causes of mucoceles
blockage or rupture of minor salivary gland duct leading to saliva blockage, pooling and distention increased tension leakage into adjacent CT
62
most common site of mucocele
lower lip from trauma
63
Tx mucocele
complete excision that includes mucocele and source minor salivary gland lobule
64
what is a sialolith
aggregation of dehydrated mucous usually from blockage at terminal end of duct
65
steps leading to bacterial sialadenitis
duct obstruction (unilateral) stasis bacteria cause inflammation acute process leads to chronic inflammation and gland destruction and fibrosis
66
what are the benign tumors of salivary glands
``` pleomorphic adenoma (mixed) warthin tumor ```
67
what are the common malignant tumors of salivary glands
mucoepidermoid carcinoma adenocarcinoma adenoid cystic carcinoma
68
where are pleomorphic adenomas found? what do they arise from?
parotid, submandibular/sublingual | arises from multipotential basal myoepithelial cells
69
what tumor has 2 cell types but is benign
pleomorphic adenoma
70
best course of action if find a mixed adenoma
follow closely because potential to become malignant
71
what is a warthin tumor
papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum | parotid
72
describe patients more liley to have warthin tumor
M in 50s-60s that smokes
73
characteristic histo of warthin tumor
double layer eosinophilic epithelial cells over lymphoid stroma
74
predominant site of mucoepidermoid carcinoma
parotid
75
what is most important prognostically for mucoepidermoid carcinoma
the grade low grade is locally aggressibe and rarely metastasizes high grade is invasive and frequently metastasizes
76
tumor of adenoid cystic carcinoma infiltrates where
peripheral nerve making it hard to Tx because there are skip or non-contiguous extensions

Year2 GI Exam I (18 decks)

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