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2 Renal > Pathology 2 > Flashcards

Pathology 2 Flashcards

(49 cards)

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1
Q

horseshoe kidney results in massive renal dysfunction T or F

A

F, works as normal

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2
Q

what is agenesis?

A

absence of 1 or both kidney

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3
Q

what is hypoplasia?

A

small kidneys but normal development

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4
Q

what happens to the kidneys in horseshoe kidney?

A

fusion at either pole of the kidney, usually lower

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5
Q

most common cyst found in the kidneys?

A

simple cyst

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6
Q

what kind of fluid does a simple cyst contain?

A

serous

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7
Q

polycystic disease can be divided into 2 categories; what are they?

A

infantile (ARPKD)

adult (ADPKD)

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8
Q

main complication of infantile polycystic disease?

A

terminal renal failure

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9
Q

dilation occurs where in ARPKD?

A

distal nephron in the medullary collecting ducts

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10
Q

the kidney is not distorted in shape in ARPKD: T or F

A

T, it’s just enlarged and contains cysts

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11
Q

what disease is ARPKD closely associated with?

A

congenital hepatic fibrosis

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12
Q

what do patients with ARPKD present with and when?

A

abdo mass
haematuria
hypertension
chronic renal failure

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13
Q

is renal enlargement bigger in ARPKD or ADPKD?

A

ADPKD

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14
Q

shape is not distorted in ADPKD T or F

A

F,

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15
Q

where do cysts arise in ADPKD?

A

anywhere in the nephron

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16
Q

cysts can arise in what other organs in ADPKD?

A

liver
pancreas
lung

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17
Q

what is the main complication of ADPKD and why?

A

subarachnoid haemorrrhage as these patients are prone to berry aneurysms in the circle of willis (may rupture)

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18
Q

commonest tumour of the kidney? is it benign or malignant?

A

fibroma

benign

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19
Q

where do fibromas arise? what do they look like

A

white nodules on the renal medulla

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20
Q

give examples of benign kidney tumours

Study These Flashcards
A

adenoma
angiomyolipoma
JGCT - juxtaglomerular cell tumour

21
Q

what benign tumour of the kidney can cause hypertension and why?

Study These Flashcards
A

JGCT as these cells make renin which increases BP

22
Q

which benign kidney tumour is associated with tuberous sclerosis?

Study These Flashcards
A

angiomyolipoma

23
Q

commonest intra-abdominal tumour in children?

Study These Flashcards
A

nephroblastoma

24
Q

what will children preset with who have nephroblastoma?

25
where do urothelial carcinomas arise?
renal pelvis and calyces
26
where does a renal cell carcinoma arise from?
renal tubular epithelium
27
most common primary renal tumour in adults?
renal cell carcinoma
28
peak age and gender for renal cell carcinoma?
men aged 55-60
29
presentation of RCC?
abdo mass haematuria flank pain red flag signs eg weight loss
30
how does the blood of patients with RCC differ from normal and why?
have more Hb in blood (have overproductive erythropoetin which makes RBCs)
31
what endocrine symptom can RCC patients present with?
hypercalcaemia
32
what does RCC look like on the kidney?
large yellow mass centred on cortex
33
where can an RCC extend to and what are the complications of this?
renal vein | can go to IVC then RA of heart
34
RCC metastasises to...
lung bone lymphatics
35
what type of renal cell carcinoma is most common? what substances is it rich in?
clear cell type | glycogen and lipid-rich
36
where does transitional epithelium extend from and to?
pelvicalyceal system to urethra
37
most common bladder tumour?
transitional cell carcinoma
38
what age range is most likely to get TCC?
50+
39
what jobs are red flags for a TCC?
if the patient worked in the dye or rubber industry
40
main cause of TCC?
SMOKING!
41
what symptom do patients always present with in TCC?
haematuria
42
what area of the bladder is the most common location for a TCC?
trigone
43
where can a TCC metastasise to?
lymphatics (obturator LNs) lungs liver
44
TCCs have a high recurrence rate T or F
T
45
TCC can occur in the kidney T or F
T, can occur anywhere from the renal pelvis to the urethra
46
what symptom other than haematuria can patients complain of?
obtruction
47
you can also get adenocarcinoma and SCC in the urinary tract T or F
T
48
schistomiasis is associated with what cancer of the
SCC
49
commonest malignant bladder tumour in children?
embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma

2 Renal (34 decks)

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