Pathology I: LP III, IV, V, & VI

Question 1

Disorder whose diagnostic features include:

• Tender Points
• Poor Quality Sleep
• Body-Wide Muscle Pain (for at least 3 months)

Answer 1

Fibromyalgia

Question 2

A collection of lower leg injuries including:
- stress factures
- periostitis
- strains (tearing, stretching)
- exertional compartment syndrome (lower leg edema)

Answer 2

Shin Splints

Question 3

Tiny cracks in bone caused by repetitive stress

Answer 3

Stress Fractures

Question 4

Bone fracture involving bending and partial breakage

Answer 4

Green Stick

Question 5

Type of scoliosis caused by abnormally shaped vertebrae

Answer 5

Structural

Question 6

Suggested Caused of Fibromyaligia

Answer 6

• Emotional State
• Sleep Disorders
• Chemical Imbalances

Question 7

• Syndrome marked primarily by the development of trigger points
• Caused by overloading of the muscle fibers which leads to muscle hypoxia and ischemia

Answer 7

Myofascial Pain Syndrome

Question 8

Group of Inherited Disorders that Features Atrophy of Skeletal Muscles

Answer 8

Muscular Dystrophy

Question 9

Growth of calcium deposits in soft tissues commonly due to trauma

(Trauma - bleeding between fascial tissues - calcium and iron deposits)

Answer 9

Myositis Ossificans

Question 10

Causes of Shin Splints

Answer 10

• Inadequate Foot Shock Absorption
• Overuse
• Misalignment

Question 11

When to refer out a client with shin splints

Answer 11

Pain does not improve in 2 to 3 weeks

Question 12

Involuntarily sustained contraction (muscle guarding)

Prevents movement that may cause further pain or damage to the injured area

Answer 12

Spasm

Question 13

Short lived spams

Answer 13

Cramps

Question 14

Chronic neurological disorder characterized by muscle stiffness

Answer 14

Spasticity

Question 15

What is a pulled muscle?

Answer 15

Muscle Strain

Question 16

S/S of Muscle Strains

Answer 16

• Adhesions (layers meant to be separate are stuck together)
• Impaired Contractility
• Local Pain
• Stiffness
• Pain with Stretching

Question 17

Most common muscle that becomes strained

Answer 17

Hamstrings

Question 18

A mild muscle strain

Answer 18

1st Degree

Question 19

A moderate muscle strain

Answer 19

2nd Degree

Question 20

A muscle strain that causes a severe rupture

Answer 20

3rd Degree

Question 21

MT Treatment of Muscle Strains

Answer 21

• Lymphatic Drainage
• Improve Circulation
• Cross Fiber Friction
• Passive Stretches

Question 22

Fracture in which bone is complete broken

Answer 22

Complete

Question 23

Types of Complete Fractures

Answer 23

• Comminuted (bone fragments shattered)
• Impacted (ends wedged into another)
• Spiral (caused by twisting force)
• Oblique (diagonal break)
• Transverse

Question 24

Fracture in which bone is partially broken

Answer 24

• Green Stick
• Stick
• Compression

Question 25

Disorder causing loss of bone mass/densitity

Answer 25

Osteoporosis

Question 26

How to reduce the risk of Osteoporosis

Answer 26

Adequate intake of calcium and Vit D

Question 27

Type of Scoliosis - soft tissue pulling spine out of alignment - spasm to spinal muscles - weakened spinal muscles

Answer 27

Functional

Question 28

Type of Scoliosis - result of misshapen vertebrae - requires bracing/surgery to correct

Answer 28

Structral

Question 29

- One of the most common metabolic bone diseases - Normal bone is reabsorbed at abnormally high rates and gets replaced w/ fibrous CT - Fibrous CT leads to weakened distorted bones - Distorted bone can cause bone pain because the periosteum is stretched - May lead to fractures

Answer 29

Paget Disease

Question 30

- Increased Thoracic Curve - Humpback

Answer 30

Hyperkyphosis

Question 31

- Increased Lumbar Curve - Swayback

Answer 31

Hyperlordosis

Question 32

Lateral Deviation of Spine w/ C or S Shape

Answer 32

Scoliosis

Question 33

- Progressive inflammatory arthritis of the spine caused by an autoimmune reaction - Inflammation leads to damage leads to new bone growth - Leads to painful and stiff spinal joints with advanced states leading to fusion - Typically starts in the SI joints - May require special position during MT - MT goals are to decrease pain and stress

Answer 33

Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS)

Question 34

- When two joint surfaces no longer articulate - Usually the results of trauma or weak ligaments - Surrounding tissue may be damaged - Adhesions may develop in involved tissue - Common found at GH joints, fingers, TMJ - MT may address involved tissue - MT goals are to decrease scar tissue, decrease muscle splinting

Answer 34

Dislocations

Question 35

Partial dislocation where joint surfaces remain in partial contact with each other

Answer 35

Subluxation

Question 36

The death of bone tissue due to a lack of blood supply

Answer 36

Avascular Osteonecrosis