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CMT > Physiology I: Introduction > Flashcards

Physiology I: Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

Characteristics of Life

A
  • movement
  • responsiveness
  • growth
  • reproduction
  • respiration
  • digestion
  • absorption
  • circulation
  • assimilation
  • excretion
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2
Q

Physical and chemical events that release or use energy

A

Metabolism

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3
Q

Requirements of Organisms to Maintain Life

A
  • Water
  • Food
  • Oxygen
  • Heat
  • Pressure
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4
Q

Maintenance of a stable internal environment

A

Homeostatsis

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5
Q

What do homeostatic mechanisms regulate?

A
  • BP
  • Body Temperature
  • Blood Glucose
  • Respiratory Rate
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6
Q

What the majority homeostatic mechanisms control

A

Negative Feedback Loop

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7
Q

Cell Hierarchy within an Organism

A
  • Cells
  • Tissues
  • Organs
  • Organ System
  • Organism
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8
Q

The 3 Major Parts to a Cell

A
  • Cell Membrane
  • Intercellular Junctions
  • Cell Adhesion Molecules (CAMs)
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9
Q

Thin and flexible material a cell membrane is mainly composed of

A

Lipids (phospholipid bilayer)

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10
Q

Substances that easily pass through a cell membrane

A
  • O2
  • CO2
  • Lipids
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11
Q

The 3 Types of Intercellular Junctions

A
  • Tight Junctions
  • Desmosomes
  • Gap Junctions
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12
Q

Impermeable junctions that prevent molecules from passing through intercellular space

A

Tight Junctions

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13
Q

Anchoring junctions that bind adjacent cells in tissues subject to stress (skin, heart)

A

Desmosomes

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14
Q

Junctions that allow ions and small molecules to pass through protein cyclinders

A

Gap Junctions

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15
Q

Proteins that guide certain cells to a specific area

A

Cell Adhesion Molecules (CAMs)

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16
Q

Organelles Contained within Cytoplasm

A
  • Endoplasmic Reticulum
  • Ribosomes
  • Golgi Apparatus
  • Mitochondria
  • Lysosomes
  • Peroxisomes
  • Centrosomes
  • Cilia
  • Flagella
  • Vesicles
  • Microfilaments and Microtubules
17
Q

Organelle

  • Communication and transport system within a cell
  • Involved with protein and lip synthesis
A

Endoplasmic Reticulum

18
Q

Organelles found in large numbers in the cytoplasm of living cells. They bind messenger RNA and transfer RNA to synthesize polypeptides and proteins.

A

Ribosomes

19
Q

Organelle that refines, packages, and delivers proteins

A

Golgi apparatus

20
Q

Organelle that is the powerhouse of the cell. It synthesizes ATP.

A

Mitochondria

21
Q

Organelle that breaks down materials

A

Lysosome

22
Q

Hierarchy of a Chromosome

A

Chromosome/Chromatin = Library

DNA = Recipe Book

Genes = Recipe

23
Q

Movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

A

Diffusion

24
Q

Movement w/ carrier protein involved to move molecules from areas of high concentration to low concentration.

A

Facilitated Diffusion

25
Q

Diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.

A

Osmosis

26
Q

Movement in which molecules forced through a membrane.

A

Filtration

27
Q

Movement using energy and a carrier protein that moves molecules from areas of low concentration to high concentration.

A

Active Transport

28
Q

The taking in of large molecules by invagination of a cell membrane.

A

Endocytosis

29
Q

A process by which large molecules of a cell vacuole are released to the exterior through fusion of the vacuole membrane with the cell membrane.

A

Exocytosis

30
Q

Combination of endocytosis and exocytosis

A

Transcytosis

31
Q

The 5 Stages of Mitosis/Cell Division (IPMAT)

A
  • Interphase
  • Prophase
  • Metaphase
  • Anaphase
  • Telophase
32
Q

Mitotic Phase

  • Duplication of Cell Content
  • Very Active Period
A

Interphase

33
Q

Mitotic Phase

  • Appearance of Chromosomes
  • Spindle Fibers Form
A

Prophase

34
Q

Mitotic Phase

  • Chromosomes align MIDWAY between centrioles
  • Spindles attach to chromosomes
A

Metaphase

35
Q

Mitotic Phase

  • Duplicated chromosomes separate
A

Anaphase

36
Q

Mitotic Phase

  • Final Stage of Mitosis
  • Chromosomes unwind to become chromatin
A

Telophase

37
Q

The specialization a cell after mitosis resulting from the expression expression of genes

(all cells have the same DNA but express it’s expressed differently)

A

Cell Differentiation

CMT (40 decks)

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