Pathology: XI to XIV

Question 1

Entrapment of the median nerve in the carpal tunnel of the wrist

Answer 1

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Question 2

Causes of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Answer 2

• Repetitive Stress Injury
• Fibrotic Build Up
• Edema
• Subluxation of Carpals

Question 3

When an IVD’s nucleus pulposus slips from its normal position and extends beyond its normal border into the outer annulus fibrosis

Answer 3

Herniated Disc

Question 4

The gel center of an IVD

Answer 4

Nucleus Pulposus

Question 5

The collagenous, outside ring of an IVD

Answer 5

Annular Fibrosis

Question 6

Contributing Factors of a Herniated Disc

Answer 6

• Postural Misalignment
• Hyper/Hypomobile Facet Joints
• DJD
• Muscle Imbalance
• Poor Body Mechanics

Question 7

An autoimmune disease which involves degeneration of acetylcholine receptor sites at the neuromuscular junction

Answer 7

Myashenia Gravis

Question 8

Neurovascular Entrapment at the Thoracic Outlet

Answer 8

Thoracic Outlet Syndrome

Question 9

Pathway of Brachial Plexus

Answer 9

C5 to T! - Anterior and Middle Scalene - Clavicle and 1st Rib - Pectoralis Minor - Around Humeral Head

Question 10

A Shortage of RBCs, Hemoglobin, or Both

Answer 10

Anemia

Question 11

A Traveling Blood Clot

Answer 11

Embolism

Question 12

A Stationary Blood Clot

Answer 12

Thombus

Question 13

A Clot Lodged w/in blood vessels of lungs

Answer 13

Pulmonary Embolism

Question 14

Genetic disorder in which certain blood clotting factors are absent or inactive, resulting in longer bleeding (not faster bleeding)

Answer 14

Hemophilia

Question 15

Extensive bleeding between muscle sheaths that causes deep and superficial bruising

Answer 15

Hematoma

Question 16

Cancer of WBCs produced in bone marrow

Answer 16

Leukemia

Question 17

Most common locations of a herniated disc

Answer 17

• L4 and L5
• L5 and S1

Question 18

Pins and Needles Sensation

Answer 18

Paresthesia

Question 19

High-Risk Factors for DVTs

Answer 19

• Inactivity
• Surgery
• Leg Trauma

Question 20

Presence of clots and inflammation in superficial leg veins

Answer 20

Thrombophlebitis

Question 21

Presence of clots and inflammation in deep leg veins

Answer 21

Deep Vein Thrombosis

Question 22

Common Locations of DVTs

Answer 22

• Calves
• Pelvis
• Thighs

Question 23

Risk factors of DVTs

Answer 23

• Trauma to the Area
• Chemo
• Pain
• Surgery
• Reduced Circulation
• High Estrogen (birth control)

Question 24

Permanent bulge in wall of a blood vessel or the heart

Answer 24

Aneurgyms

Question 25

Rupture of Aneurysm

Answer 25

Hemorrhage

Question 26

Condition in which arteries become inelastic (hardening of the arteries)

Answer 26

Atherosclerosis

Question 27

DP consistency above 140/90

Answer 27

Hypertension

Question 28

Episodes of exaggerated vasoconstriction of the arterioles

Answer 28

Raynaud's Syndrome

Question 29

Distended, twisted, and/or ropy superficial veins, caused by damage to the internal valves

Answer 29

Varicose Veins

Question 30

Dilated thread veins, which are safe for massage therapy

Answer 30

Spider Veins

Question 31

Damage in myocardium d/t ischemia (blockage in a coronary artery)

Answer 31

Heart Attack (myocardial infarction)

Question 32

Chest Pain during Physical Activity

Answer 32

Angina

Question 33

When the heart cannot pump blood to the body efficiently

Answer 33

Congestive Heart Failure

Question 34

Medication that reduces sympathetic nervous system effects on vascular smooth muscle, decrease blood volume by increasing urination

Answer 34

Diuretics

Question 35

Medication that reduces vaoconstriction

Answer 35

ACE Inhibitors

Question 36

Medication that inhibits action of SNS on vascular smooth muscle

Answer 36

Beta-Blockers

Question 37

Medication that reduces tone in venous and arterial smooth muscle and reduce cardiac output

Answer 37

Calcium Channel Blockers

Question 38

Medication that decreases peripheral resistance through relaxation smooth muscle in arterioles

Answer 38

Vasodilators

Question 39

Referred Pain Pattern for a Myocardial Infarction

Answer 39

- Left Shoulder - Left Arm - Left Side of Chest - Left Side of Jaw

Question 40

Blood pooling between muscle sheaths or in soft tissues; a deep bruise

Answer 40

Hematoma