PE Year 10 Flashcards

(56 cards)

1
Q

Name the individual differences

A

Age, disability, gender, physic, culture, environment, risk&challenge, activity levels, training

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2
Q

Name the three somatotypes

A

Endomorph
Mesomorph
Ectomorph

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3
Q

Describe the characteristics of an Ectomorph

Give examples

A

-lean
-delicate
-small framed
(long distance runners, gymnasts)

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4
Q

Describe the characteristics of an Endomorph

Give examples

A

-slightly rounded
-shorter limbs
(sumowrestler, shotputter)

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5
Q

Describe the characteristics of an Mesomorph

Give examples

A

-high proportion of muscle

sprinter, games player

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6
Q

What is fatigue?

A

a feeling of EXTREME physical/mental tiredness after working for a long period of time due to a build up of lactic acid

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7
Q

What is stress?

A

the body’s reaction to a change that requires a mental, physical or emotional adjustment

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8
Q

What feelings can lead to injury?

A

tension and anxiety
boredom and tedium
motivation
feedback or criticism

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9
Q

What are the two types of sporting personalities?

A

Extrovert

introvert

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10
Q

What is respiration?

A

the process where the body converts fuel (glucose) into energy and releasing it into the body either aerobically or anaerobically

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11
Q

What are the functions of the blood?

A
  • Transports oxygen to the muscles and gets rid of waste products
  • controls body temperature
  • to fight infection
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12
Q

What is the definition of leisure?

A

Freetime from the demands of work when one can rest and enjoy hobbies or sport

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13
Q

What is the tidal volume?

A

the amount breathed in and breathed out

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14
Q

What is the VO2 max?

A

the maximum amount of oxygen used in a minute per kilogram of body weight

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15
Q

what is the vital capacity?

A

the largest amount of air that can be expired after the deepest intake of breath

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16
Q

What is residual volume?

A

amount of air that remains in the lunges after maximum expiration

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17
Q

What is the definition of health?

A

a state of complete mental,physical and social wellbeing and a freedom of illness or injury

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18
Q

What is fitness?

A

the ability to meet the demands of the environment

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19
Q

What is agility?

A

is the ability to change direction quickly and still keep control of the whole body

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20
Q

what is balance?

A

the ability to keep the whole body stable whether still moving or in a different shape by keeping the centre of gravity over the base

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21
Q

what is co-ordination?

A

is the ability to use two or more body parts at the same time

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22
Q

what is reaction time?

A

the time it takes to respond to a stimulus

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23
Q

what is timing?

A

the ability to judge the time and place of an objects arrival and then execute appropriate movements

24
Q

What is muscular strength?

A

the ability of the muscles to apply force and overcome resistance

25
what is dynamic strength?
using prolonged moving muscular contractions
26
what is explosive strength?
when a maximum burst of effort is used
27
What is static strength?
when muscle length stays the same
28
what is speed?
the fastest rate at which you can complete a task or cover a distance
29
What is power?
the ability to apply a combination of strength and speed
30
What are immovable joints?
are fixed so that there is no movement at this joint
31
What are slightly movable joints?
have gaps between the bones which allow a small amount of movement. These gaps are usually filled withe cartilage
32
what are synovial joints?
the most movable joints in the body
33
What is synovial fluid?
acts as a packing preventing friction between the moving parts and lubricating joint
34
Describe a bicep curl
- bones involved are the radius and ulna and humerus - muscles used are triceps and biceps - uses the bicep to flex and extend - tendon at origin of bicep attaches to the ball and socket joint at the shoulder - tendon at intersection attaches to hinge joint at the elbow - flexing the bicep, ulna and radius pulled towards humerus bone - flexing the triceps, ulna and radius move away from humerus bone - these muscles work in antagonistic muscle pairs - when the bicep is flexed it is the agonist and the tricep is the antagonist
35
What is antagonistic muscle action?
when muscles work in pairs. Working muscle, agonist (also called prime mover) contracts. The relaxing muscle (antagonist) becomes long and thin
36
Tendons...
attach muscle to bone
37
Ligaments...
attach bone to bone and stabalises joint
38
origin is the...
fixed point of muscle
39
the insertion is...
the movable part of the muscle
40
What are the functions of the skeleton?
``` ~blood cell production ~protection ~movement ~support ~shape ```
41
What is the principal of progression?
involves gradually increasing the stresses put on the body
42
What is overload?
``` When the body works at a greater rate than usual #FIT PRINCIPALS ```
43
What is reversibility?
is the body returning to its original state prior to an exercise training programme
44
Greater intensity = _______
greater need of oxygen
45
What is the antagonistic muscle action?
When muscles work in pairs. The working muscle; the agonist (can be called the prime mover). The relaxing muscle; antagonist (becomes long and thin)
46
What are the types of fats?
saturated (bad, clog up arteries) polyunsaturated (good) monounsaturated
47
what are proteins used for?
growth and repair
48
what are keytones?
indicators proteins are being used
49
What does fibre do?
``` helps reduce cholesterol (soluble) prevents constipation (insoluble) ```
50
what proportion of the body is made from water?
2/3
51
what are the functions of water?
helps digest food in blood helping transport nutrients and oxygen in body fluids helping lubricate joints and cushions organs and tissues carries waste products out of the body removes body heat generated during exercise through sweat
52
How does interval training help build up an oxygen debt tolerance?
new capillaries are formed, heart muscles are strengthened, delivery of oxygen improved
53
Long term benefits of exercise
``` reduced risk of heart disease can recover quicker increases size of heart lower resting heart rate increased vo2 max can cope with stress more effectively deliever oxygen to muscles quicker ```
54
what are the immediate effects of exercise?
face reddens stroke volume and cardiac output increases body sweats ridding itself of waste products digestive system bypassed - blood shunted to working muscles blood pressure increases o2 and haemoglobin combine to make oxyhaemoglobin and are transported to working muscles
55
what is stroke volume?
amount of blood pumped out of the heart per beat
56
what is cardiac output?
amount of blood pumped out the heart per minute