PE Year 10

Question 1

Name the individual differences

Answer 1

Age, disability, gender, physic, culture, environment, risk&challenge, activity levels, training

Question 2

Name the three somatotypes

Answer 2

Endomorph
Mesomorph
Ectomorph

Question 3

Describe the characteristics of an Ectomorph

Give examples

Answer 3

-lean
-delicate
-small framed
(long distance runners, gymnasts)

Question 4

Describe the characteristics of an Endomorph

Give examples

Answer 4

-slightly rounded
-shorter limbs
(sumowrestler, shotputter)

Question 5

Describe the characteristics of an Mesomorph

Give examples

Answer 5

-high proportion of muscle

sprinter, games player

Question 6

What is fatigue?

Answer 6

a feeling of EXTREME physical/mental tiredness after working for a long period of time due to a build up of lactic acid

Question 7

What is stress?

Answer 7

the body’s reaction to a change that requires a mental, physical or emotional adjustment

Question 8

What feelings can lead to injury?

Answer 8

tension and anxiety
boredom and tedium
motivation
feedback or criticism

Question 9

What are the two types of sporting personalities?

Answer 9

Extrovert

introvert

Question 10

What is respiration?

Answer 10

the process where the body converts fuel (glucose) into energy and releasing it into the body either aerobically or anaerobically

Question 11

What are the functions of the blood?

Answer 11

• Transports oxygen to the muscles and gets rid of waste products
• controls body temperature
• to fight infection

Question 12

What is the definition of leisure?

Answer 12

Freetime from the demands of work when one can rest and enjoy hobbies or sport

Question 13

What is the tidal volume?

Answer 13

the amount breathed in and breathed out

Question 14

What is the VO2 max?

Answer 14

the maximum amount of oxygen used in a minute per kilogram of body weight

Question 15

what is the vital capacity?

Answer 15

the largest amount of air that can be expired after the deepest intake of breath

Question 16

What is residual volume?

Answer 16

amount of air that remains in the lunges after maximum expiration

Question 17

What is the definition of health?

Answer 17

a state of complete mental,physical and social wellbeing and a freedom of illness or injury

Question 18

What is fitness?

Answer 18

the ability to meet the demands of the environment

Question 19

What is agility?

Answer 19

is the ability to change direction quickly and still keep control of the whole body

Question 20

what is balance?

Answer 20

the ability to keep the whole body stable whether still moving or in a different shape by keeping the centre of gravity over the base

Question 21

what is co-ordination?

Answer 21

is the ability to use two or more body parts at the same time

Question 22

what is reaction time?

Answer 22

the time it takes to respond to a stimulus

Question 23

what is timing?

Answer 23

the ability to judge the time and place of an objects arrival and then execute appropriate movements

Question 24

What is muscular strength?

Answer 24

the ability of the muscles to apply force and overcome resistance

Question 25

what is dynamic strength?

Answer 25

using prolonged moving muscular contractions

Question 26

what is explosive strength?

Answer 26

when a maximum burst of effort is used

Question 27

What is static strength?

Answer 27

when muscle length stays the same

Question 28

what is speed?

Answer 28

the fastest rate at which you can complete a task or cover a distance

Question 29

What is power?

Answer 29

the ability to apply a combination of strength and speed

Question 30

What are immovable joints?

Answer 30

are fixed so that there is no movement at this joint

Question 31

What are slightly movable joints?

Answer 31

have gaps between the bones which allow a small amount of movement. These gaps are usually filled withe cartilage

Question 32

what are synovial joints?

Answer 32

the most movable joints in the body

Question 33

What is synovial fluid?

Answer 33

acts as a packing preventing friction between the moving parts and lubricating joint

Question 34

Describe a bicep curl

Answer 34

- bones involved are the radius and ulna and humerus - muscles used are triceps and biceps - uses the bicep to flex and extend - tendon at origin of bicep attaches to the ball and socket joint at the shoulder - tendon at intersection attaches to hinge joint at the elbow - flexing the bicep, ulna and radius pulled towards humerus bone - flexing the triceps, ulna and radius move away from humerus bone - these muscles work in antagonistic muscle pairs - when the bicep is flexed it is the agonist and the tricep is the antagonist

Question 35

What is antagonistic muscle action?

Answer 35

when muscles work in pairs. Working muscle, agonist (also called prime mover) contracts. The relaxing muscle (antagonist) becomes long and thin

Question 36

Tendons...

Answer 36

attach muscle to bone

Question 37

Ligaments...

Answer 37

attach bone to bone and stabalises joint

Question 38

origin is the...

Answer 38

fixed point of muscle

Question 39

the insertion is...

Answer 39

the movable part of the muscle

Question 40

What are the functions of the skeleton?

Answer 40

``` ~blood cell production ~protection ~movement ~support ~shape ```

Question 41

What is the principal of progression?

Answer 41

involves gradually increasing the stresses put on the body

Question 42

What is overload?

Answer 42

``` When the body works at a greater rate than usual #FIT PRINCIPALS ```

Question 43

What is reversibility?

Answer 43

is the body returning to its original state prior to an exercise training programme

Question 44

Greater intensity = _______

Answer 44

greater need of oxygen

Question 45

What is the antagonistic muscle action?

Answer 45

When muscles work in pairs. The working muscle; the agonist (can be called the prime mover). The relaxing muscle; antagonist (becomes long and thin)

Question 46

What are the types of fats?

Answer 46

saturated (bad, clog up arteries) polyunsaturated (good) monounsaturated

Question 47

what are proteins used for?

Answer 47

growth and repair

Question 48

what are keytones?

Answer 48

indicators proteins are being used

Question 49

What does fibre do?

Answer 49

``` helps reduce cholesterol (soluble) prevents constipation (insoluble) ```

Question 50

what proportion of the body is made from water?

Answer 50

2/3

Question 51

what are the functions of water?

Answer 51

helps digest food in blood helping transport nutrients and oxygen in body fluids helping lubricate joints and cushions organs and tissues carries waste products out of the body removes body heat generated during exercise through sweat

Question 52

How does interval training help build up an oxygen debt tolerance?

Answer 52

new capillaries are formed, heart muscles are strengthened, delivery of oxygen improved

Question 53

Long term benefits of exercise

Answer 53

``` reduced risk of heart disease can recover quicker increases size of heart lower resting heart rate increased vo2 max can cope with stress more effectively deliever oxygen to muscles quicker ```

Question 54

what are the immediate effects of exercise?

Answer 54

face reddens stroke volume and cardiac output increases body sweats ridding itself of waste products digestive system bypassed - blood shunted to working muscles blood pressure increases o2 and haemoglobin combine to make oxyhaemoglobin and are transported to working muscles

Question 55

what is stroke volume?

Answer 55

amount of blood pumped out of the heart per beat

Question 56

what is cardiac output?

Answer 56

amount of blood pumped out the heart per minute