Pectoral Region & Superficial Structures of the Upper Limb

Question 1

what does the clavipectoral fascia invest?

Answer 1

• subclavius

- pectoralis major

Question 2

what kind of tissue is fascia?

Answer 2

dense connective tissue

Question 3

what pierces the costocoracoid membrane?

Answer 3

lateral pectoral nerve

Question 4

what innervates pectoralis major

Answer 4

lateral pectoral nerve

Question 5

what supports the axillary fascia when the arm is abducted?

Answer 5

suspensory ligament

Question 6

what helps created the axillary fossa?

Answer 6

suspensory ligament

Question 7

what muscles does the costocoracoid membrane connect?

Answer 7

pectoralis major and subclavius

Question 8

what is in the anterior compartment of the arm?

Answer 8

flexor muscles:

• biceps brachii
• brachialis
• coracobrachialis

Question 9

what is in the posterior compartment of the arm?

Answer 9

extensor muscles:

-triceps brachii

Question 10

what kind of fascia covers the arm?

Answer 10

brachial fascia

Question 11

what kind of fascia covers the forearm?

Answer 11

antebrachial fascia

Question 12

what attaches to the antebrachial fascia superiorly and the palmar aponeurosis inferiorly on the wrist?

Answer 12

• extensor retinaculum

- palmar carpal ligament

Question 13

what bones does the interosseous membrane connect?

Answer 13

radius and ulna

Question 14

which is deeper, the flexor retinaculum or the palmar carpal ligament?

Answer 14

flexor retinaculum

Question 15

from what vein is blood drawn?

Answer 15

median cubital vein

Question 16

which veins help communication between superficial and deep veins?

Answer 16

perforating veins

Question 17

where are the cubital lymph nodes located?

Answer 17

near the medial cubital vein

Question 18

4 pectoral region muscles

Answer 18

• pectoralis major
• pectoralis minor
• subclavius
• serratus anterior

Question 19

what are the 3 heads of pectoralis major?

Answer 19

• clavicular head
• sternocostal head
• abdominal head

Question 20

clavicular head pectoralis major origin

Answer 20

anterior surface of medial half of clavicle

Question 21

sternocostal head pectoralis major origin

Answer 21

• sternum

- superior 6 costal cartilages

Question 22

pectoralis major insertion

Answer 22

lateral lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus

Question 23

pectoralis minor origin

Answer 23

ribs 3-5 close to costal cartilage

Question 24

pectoralis minor insertion

Answer 24

• medial border of scapula

- superior surface of coronoid process of scapula

Question 25

subclavius origin

Answer 25

junction of rib 1 and its costal cartilage

Question 26

subclavius insertion

Answer 26

inferior surface of middle 1/3 of clavicle

Question 27

serratus anterior origin

Answer 27

external surfaces of lateral parts of ribs 1-8

Question 28

serratus anterior insertion

Answer 28

anterior surface of medial border of scapula

Question 29

pectoralis major action

Answer 29

- adducts - medially rotates shoulder joint - stabilizes scapula

Question 30

pectoralis minor action

Answer 30

stabilizes scapula

Question 31

subclavius

Answer 31

- anchors clavicle | - depresses clavicle

Question 32

serratus anterior

Answer 32

- protracts scapula - holds scapula against thoracic wall - rotates scapula

Question 33

pectoralis major innervation

Answer 33

- lateral pectoral nerve | - medial pectoral nerve

Question 34

pectoralis minor innervation

Answer 34

medial pectoral nerve

Question 35

subclavius innervation

Answer 35

subclavian nerve

Question 36

serratus anterior innervation

Answer 36

long thoracic nerve

Question 37

what are modified sweat glands?

Answer 37

mammary glands

Question 38

what drains each lobule?

Answer 38

lactiferous duct

Question 39

what is a dilated portion of the lactiferous duct?

Answer 39

lactiferous sinus

Question 40

what supports the mammary glands?

Answer 40

suspensory ligaments

Question 41

what allows the breast free movement on top of the pectoral fascia?

Answer 41

retromammary space

Question 42

what does 2/3 of the breast usually rest on?

Answer 42

pectoral fascia or pectoralis major

Question 43

what does 1/3 of the breast usually rest on?

Answer 43

fascia of serratus anterior

Question 44

what is a small part of breast that may extend toward the axillary fossa?

Answer 44

axillary process or tail

Question 45

map the blood supply to the breast through the internal thoracic artery

Answer 45

internal thoracic >> perforating and anterior intercostal branch >> medial mammary branches

Question 46

map the blood supply to the breast through the axillary artery

Answer 46

axillary >> lateral thoracic and thoracoacromial branches >> lateral mammary branches

Question 47

map the blood supply to the breast through the posterior intercostal arteries

Answer 47

posterior intercostal >> lateral cutaneous branches >> lateral mammary branches

Question 48

map the blood drainage from the breast through the lateral mammary veins

Answer 48

lateral mammary veins >> lateral thoracic vein >> axillary vein

Question 49

map the blood drainage from the breast through the medial mammary veins

Answer 49

medial mammary veins >> perforating branches >> internal thoracic

Question 50

most breast lymphatic drainage will go to what?

Answer 50

pectoral (anterior) lymph node

Question 51

where does the rest of the breast lymphatic drainage go?

Answer 51

- abdominal lymph nodes | - parasternal lymph nodes

Question 52

what makes up the axillary lymph nodes?

Answer 52

CHAPS - central lymph nodes - humeral lymph nodes - apical lymph nodes - pectoral lymph nodes - subscapular lymph nodes

Question 53

which lymph nodes will doctors check first if signs of breast cancer?

Answer 53

axillary lymph nodes

Question 54

what quadrant is most breast cancer found?

Answer 54

superolateral quadrant (~10:00)

Question 55

what is 2 or more breasts

Answer 55

polymastia

Question 56

what is 2 or more nipples

Answer 56

polythelia

Question 57

what is no breast development

Answer 57

amastia

Question 58

what BC stage are abnormal cells noted, but no visible mass?

Answer 58

0

Question 59

what BC stage is tumor (<2cm), with NO metastasis to lymph nodes?

Answer 59

1

Question 60

what BC stage is tumor (2-5cm), metastasis may be present?

Answer 60

2

Question 61

what BC stage is tumor (>5cm), definite metastasis?

Answer 61

3

Question 62

what BC stage is tumor (any size), metastasis to lymph AND other organs?

Answer 62

4