Spinal Cord Contents

Question 1

how many cervical vertebrae?

Answer 1

8

Question 2

where do cervical vertebrae exit?

Answer 2

C1-C7 = above

C8 = below C7

Question 3

how many thoracic vertebrae?

Answer 3

12

Question 4

how many lumbar vertebrae

Answer 4

5

Question 5

how many sacral vertebrae?

Answer 5

5

Question 6

how many coccygeal vertebrae?

Answer 6

1

Question 7

lumbosacral enlargement innervation

Answer 7

anterior rami and sacral plexus

Question 8

what level does the spinal cord taper off?

Answer 8

L1-L2

Question 9

what is the tapering off of the spinal cord called?

Answer 9

conus medullaris

Question 10

what is the horse tail?

Answer 10

cauda equina

Question 11

what allows the sacral nerves to exit near their vertebrae?

Answer 11

cauda equina

Question 12

what is the vestigial remnant of the coccygeal portion of the spinal cord?

Answer 12

filum terminale

Question 13

which filum terminale is still within the dural sac?

Answer 13

filum terminale internum

Question 14

which filum terminale attaches to the coccyx and acts as an anchor for the lower spinal cord and meninges?

Answer 14

filum terminale externum

Question 15

what is the order of nerves and roots?

Answer 15

rootlets&raquo_space; (a/p) roots&raquo_space; dura mater&raquo_space; nerve&raquo_space; rami

Question 16

what carries both sensory and motor fibers?

Answer 16

nerve

Question 17

what is the meninges layer mnemonic?

Answer 17

DAP

Question 18

which layer has fat?

Answer 18

extradural (epidural) space

Question 19

what is the subdural space?

Answer 19

dura-arachnoid interface

Question 20

which layer encloses CSF?

Answer 20

arachnoid mater and subarachnoid space

Question 21

what are the spider webs?

Answer 21

arachnoid trabeculae

Question 22

what kind of tissue is arachnoid mater?

Answer 22

elastic and fibrous tissue

Question 23

what kind of tissue is arachnoid trabeculae

Answer 23

connective tissue

Question 24

what does the lumbar cistern contain?

Answer 24

CSF and Cauda Equina in the subarachnoid space

Question 25

what are the lateral extensions of the pia mater that help anchor the spinal cord and are suspended in CSF?

Answer 25

denticulate ligaments

Question 26

where do the denticulate ligaments attach?

Answer 26

between anterior and posterior roots >> arachnoid mater

Question 27

what keeps the spinal cord from going side to side?

Answer 27

denticulate ligaments

Question 28

what keeps the spinal cord from going up and down?

Answer 28

filum terminale

Question 29

what does the dura mater blend with?

Answer 29

epineurium

Question 30

what do the arachnoid mater and pia mater blend with?

Answer 30

perinerurium

Question 31

what will a fast flow rate of CSF do?

Answer 31

increase subarachnoid pressure (meningitis)

Question 32

what is the normal flow rate of CSF?

Answer 32

1 drop per second

Question 33

what is the red-orange discoloration caused by lysing of RBC for 12 hours

Answer 33

xanthocrhomia

Question 34

what level is for an LP?

Answer 34

between L3-L4 or L4-L5 lumbar cistern

Question 35

what position should an LP be done in?

Answer 35

- lateral decubitus | - knee-chest position

Question 36

what does the LP position do?

Answer 36

spreads the spinous process and lamina

Question 37

where are you when you hear the "pop"?

Answer 37

epidural space, go just a little deeper (4-6cm) to get to subarachnoid space (dural cistern)

Question 38

when do you not do an LP?

Answer 38

- CT confirmed intracranial pressure - bleeding disorder - acute spinal trauma - skin infection

Question 39

why does a spinal injection work without numbing above the waist?

Answer 39

it is heavier than CSF

Question 40

which numbing procedure cannot be repeated?

Answer 40

spinal injection

Question 41

where does epidural go?

Answer 41

epidural space (never puncture meninges)

Question 42

most common epidural?

Answer 42

caudal epidural (S2 down)

Question 43

what is the largest nerve root compression?

Answer 43

L5

Question 44

what is the smallest root compression?

Answer 44

Intervertebral foramen

Question 45

what supplies the spinal cord? (3 longitudinal arteries)

Answer 45

- Anterior spinal artery (sulcal artery) | - 2 posterior spinal arteries

Question 46

what is the blood supply of the roots of spinal nerves?

Answer 46

anterior/posterior radicular arteries

Question 47

how is anterior spinal cord artery formed?

Answer 47

union of 2 vertebral arteries

Question 48

how is posterior spinal cord artery formed?

Answer 48

from vertebral or posteroinferior arteries

Question 49

map the arterial flow of the spinal cord

Answer 49

vertebral/intercostal/lumbar/sacral arteries >> segmental medullary arteries >> longitudinal artery

Question 50

what artery reinforces circulation of 2/3 of spinal cord including lumbosacral enlargement?

Answer 50

greater anterior segmental medullary after (Adamkiewics)

Question 51

what side is the greater anterior segmental medullary artery on in most people?

Answer 51

left

Question 52

what can you use to image the spinal cord if you can't use an MRI?

Answer 52

myelography