Histologic Techniques

Question 1

most commonly used staining method?

Answer 1

hematoxylin and eosin

Question 2

which of H and E is acidic

Answer 2

E

Question 3

which of H and E is basic

Answer 3

H

Question 4

4 types of tissue in the body

Answer 4

• epithelium
• connective tissue
• nerve tissue
• muscle tissue

Question 5

steps of tissue processing

Answer 5

• Collection
• Fixation
• Dehydration
• Clearing
• Infiltration (58-60C)
• Embedding

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Question 6

2 methods of fixation

Answer 6

chemical and freezing

Question 7

which fixation methods for light microscopy?

Answer 7

chemical and freezing

Question 8

which fixation method for electron microscopy?

Answer 8

chemical

Question 9

which fixation method takes less time?

Answer 9

freezing

Question 10

dehydration

Answer 10

penetration of the clearing agent&raquo_space; replaces water with organ solvent (ethanol/acetone)

Question 11

what are some artifacts of dehydration?

Answer 11

• extraction of lipids

- tissue shrinkage

Question 12

clearing

Answer 12

clearing agent is removed with toluene/xylene&raquo_space; makes tissue clear

Question 13

which step takes the longest time?

Answer 13

embedding

Question 14

which tissues use microtome?

Answer 14

paraffin-embedded

Question 15

which tissues use ultramicrotome?

Answer 15

upon-embedded

Question 16

which tissues use cryostat?

Answer 16

frozen tissue

Question 17

which microscope has a steal blade

Answer 17

microtome

Question 18

which microscope has a glass/diamond knife?

Answer 18

ultramicrotome

Question 19

what is the significance of mounting?

Answer 19

• minimizes damage

- eazes handling

Question 20

in histology what is the net charge of proteins

Answer 20

positive

Question 21

in histology what is the net charge of nucleic acids

Answer 21

negative

Question 22

where is the nucleic acids most concentrated

Answer 22

nucleus

Question 23

what is the charge of a basic dye?

Answer 23

positive

Question 24

what does the basic part of basic dye mean?

Answer 24

color of basic dye is in basic radical

Question 25

what does a basic dye bind to?

Answer 25

negative charged tissues (RNA,DNA)

Question 26

what are negative charged tissues said to be?

Answer 26

basophilic

Question 27

what is the charge of an acidic dye?

Answer 27

negative

Question 28

what does the acidic part of acidic dye mean?

Answer 28

color of acidic dye is in acid radical

Question 29

what does acidic dye bind to?

Answer 29

positive charged tissues (cytoplasmic proteins)

Question 30

what are positive charged tissues said to be?

Answer 30

acidophilic

Question 31

which of H and E is blue?

Answer 31

H - binds positive charged tissues

Question 32

which of H and E is pink?

Answer 32

E - binds negative charged tissues

Question 33

Hannah like to Be Positive, Never Blue

Answer 33

- H - Basic Dye - Binds Positive things - Nuclei - Blue color (basophilic)

Question 34

which color will chromatin and ribosomes be?

Answer 34

blue (basophilic)

Question 35

which color will collagen fibers, RBC, muscle filaments, mitochondria be?

Answer 35

pink (acidophilic)

Question 36

PAS

Answer 36

- carboydrates - pink (I'm going to PAS on the CARBS)

Question 37

Ammoniacal Silver

Answer 37

- black - binds carbs in reticular fibers (RETurn the CARBS to SILVa or you'll need ELASTIC pants)

Question 38

argyrophilic

Answer 38

silver loving

Question 39

which stain is used in light microscopy for the myelin sheath of neural tissue?

Answer 39

osmium tetroxide

Question 40

2 types of electron microscopy

Answer 40

- transmission | - scanning

Question 41

osmium tetroxide

Answer 41

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Question 42

metachromasia

Answer 42

- basic dye - stains different color than normal (toluidine & methylene blue) (I TOLd you not to METa MISTAKE)

Question 43

orthochromatic

Answer 43

same color as native dye

Question 44

3 dyes of Masson's Trichome

Answer 44

- Acid fuchsin - Hematoxylin - Aniline blue/Fast green (Don't make me COLL MASSON)

Question 45

what stains blue with Masson trichome?

Answer 45

collagen (vagina collagen)

Question 46

what stains pink with Masson trichome?

Answer 46

smooth muscle (vagina smooth muscle)

Question 47

what is Masson's trichome used for

Answer 47

show collagen (cirrhosis of liver)

Question 48

3 types of artifacts

Answer 48

- knife marks - precipitates - folds

Question 49

most common light microscope

Answer 49

bright-field microscope

Question 50

what is the major difference between light microscope and electron microscope?

Answer 50

type of illumination - light - travel long distances - electrons - travel short distances

Question 51

4 principles of light microscopy

Answer 51

- magnification - resolution - contrast - refractive index

Question 52

what can be used to increase the resolution for light microscopy?

Answer 52

colored dyes

Question 53

what can be used to increase the resolution for electron microscopy?

Answer 53

heavy metals

Question 54

refractive index

Answer 54

ratio between the speed of light in a vacuum and speed of light in another medium

Question 55

what is the best kind of RI to get the best resolution?

Answer 55

the biggest RI gives the best resolution

Question 56

which type of electron microscopy has a better resolution?

Answer 56

transmission

Question 57

does a small or big lambda give a better resolution?

Answer 57

small

Question 58

micrometer

Answer 58

10-9 light microscopy

Question 59

nanometer

Answer 59

10-6 electron microscopy

Question 60

2 histochemistry techniques

Answer 60

- Immunohistochemisty | - In Situ Hybridization

Question 61

immunohistochemistry

Answer 61

proteins with labeled antibodies

Question 62

in-situ hybridizaton

Answer 62

nucleotide sequences

Question 63

clinical significance of immunohistochemistry

Answer 63

- detect tumors - stages of cancer - identification of infectious microorganisms

Question 64

which step of tissue prep preserves topographical relations of cellular/tissue contents?

Answer 64

fixation

Question 65

what intercellular structure does H and E stain?

Answer 65

H - Nucleic Acids | E - Cytoplasm proteins

Question 66

which stain is used to identify glycogen?

Answer 66

PAS

Question 67

what is it when certain basic dyes react with certain macromolecules resulting in a different color than the dye?

Answer 67

metachromasia

Question 68

what is an alteration to a tissue specimen that occurs by accident or poor technique?

Answer 68

artifact

Question 69

which type of electron microscope permits visualization of the surface ultrastructure?

Answer 69

scanning

Question 70

which histochemical technique permits location of proteins?

Answer 70

immunohistochemistry

Question 71

which histochemical technique permits location of nucleic acids?

Answer 71

in-situ hybridization