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Specialty Medicine > Pediatric Dermatology > Flashcards

Pediatric Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

What are salmon patches?

A

Light red macules found on the nape of the neck, eyelids, philtrum, and glabella

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2
Q

What is the prognosis for salmon patches?

A

fade with time in most cases, but if found on the nape of the neck, may persist

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3
Q

What is cutis aplasia? How does it appear?

A
  • a congenital focal absence of epidermis with or without evidence of other layers of the skin
  • Appears as a sharply marginated area, that is usually seen in the midline of the scalp
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4
Q

True or false: cutis aplasia is not usually an isolated defect–part of a syndrome

A

False–usually isolated defect

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5
Q

What is the treatment for cutis aplasia?

A

Excision, but larger ones may need hair transplant

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6
Q

What is the prognosis for dermal melanocytosis?

A

Fades within a few years

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7
Q

Which ethnicities are more commonly affected with dermal melanocytosis?

A

Blacks
Asians
Hispanics

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8
Q

What are the associations with ear anomalies?

A
  • Hearing loss
  • vertebral /cardiac / renal abnormalities
  • Branchial fistulas
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9
Q

True or false: most of the time, ear anomalies are isolated defects

A

True

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10
Q

What is the treatment for a preauricular skin tag?

A

Ligate with suture if no pain. O/w ligate later by derm

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11
Q

What is erythema toxicum neonatorum? Prognosis?

A
  • Blotchy, erythematous macules in 2-3 cm in diameter, with central vesicle or pustule
  • Benign, usually resolving by 2 weeks
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12
Q

What will a gram stain show of scraping of erythema toxicum neonatorum?

A

Eosinophils

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13
Q

What areas of the body are and are not affected with erythema toxicum neonatorum?

A

Arms and legs affected, but spares the palms and soles

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14
Q

What are transient neonatal pustular melanosis? Prognosis?

A

Vesicles or pustules with a collarette of surrounding scales or pigmented macules

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15
Q

Which is present at birth erythema toxicum neonatorum, or transient neonatal pustular melanosis?

A

transient neonatal pustular melanosis

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16
Q

What ethnicity has a higher incidence of transient neonatal pustular melanosis?

A

Blacks

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17
Q

What will a smear of transient neonatal pustular melanosis show?

A

PMNs

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18
Q

What is the difference in distribution between transient neonatal pustular melanosis and erythema toxicum?

A

transient neonatal pustular melanosis affects the palms and soles while erythema toxicum does not

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19
Q

What are milia?

A

Benign white papules found on the nose or forehead of babies

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20
Q

What are sucking blisters?

A

Blisters on the arm of a neonate that is from sucking on the arm in utero

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21
Q

What is acne neonatorum? Prognosis?

A
  • Multiple discrete papules that occurs around 6 weeks of age, and disappear before 8 months
  • No correlation between this and teenager acne
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22
Q

What is another name for acne neonatorum?

A

Neonatal cephalic pustulosis

23
Q

What are the three different morphologies of acne vulgaris?

A
  • Comedonal
  • Inflammatory
  • Mixed
24
Q

What is the comeonal form of acne vulgaris?

A

with closed (white) and open (blackhead) comedones

25
Q

What is the inflammatory form of acne vulgaris?

A

With erythematous papules, nodules, or cyst like nodular lesions d/t colonization with p acnes

26
Q

What is the bacteria that causes acne?

A

Propionibacterium acnes

27
Q

What are the factors that lead to neonatal acne?

A
  • Increased sebum production

- Abnormal keratinization

28
Q

Why treat acne?

A

Scarring

Psych

29
Q

What are the goals of treating acne? (3)

A
  • Reduce sebum production
  • Suppress P acnes
  • Reducing inflammation
30
Q

What is the hygiene changes that is used to treat acne?

A

wash several times a day, but not so often as to cause dry skin (which will worsen the condition)

31
Q

What is the role of makeup with acne?

A

Has not been shown to change acne

32
Q

What is the pharmacotherapy for acne?

A
  • Benzoyl peroxide
  • Topical retinoid
  • Topical Abx
33
Q

What is the MOA of retinoids?

A

Activate RXR, causing comedolytic response

34
Q

What is the MOA of benzoyl peroxide?

A

Penetrates stratum corneum and ROS

35
Q

Why are topical abx not recommended as monotherapy for acne?

A

Slow onset of action, and predictable emergence of resistance

36
Q

How effective are topical abx in treating acne

A

Very

37
Q

When are oral abx indicated for acne? What are the abx of choice?

A

Moderate to severe acne

-2nd gen tetracyclines

38
Q

What are the side effects from tetracycline?

A

Tooth discoloration

Photosensitivity

39
Q

What is the treatment for mild acne? What is there is an inadequate response to this?

A

Benzoyl peroxide or topical retinoids
OR
Triple therapy

-Change formulations

40
Q

What is the treatment for moderate acne? What is there is an inadequate response to this?

A

Topical x2 OR all three

Oral isotretinoin or abx

41
Q

What is the defect in Sturge-Weber syndrome? Mnemonic?

A

-Somatic activation of the GNAQ gene

Sporadic with port wine Stain
Tram track appearance
Unilateral
Retardation
Glaucoma/ GNAQ gene
Epilepsy
42
Q

What is the HAMARTOMASS mnemonic for tuberous sclerosis?

A
  • Hamartomas
  • Angiofibromas
  • Mitral regurg
  • Ash-Leaf spots
  • Rhabdomyomas / renal cysts
  • Tuberous sclerosis
  • autosomal dOminant
  • MR
  • Angiomyolipomas
  • Szs
  • Shagreen patches
43
Q

What are the skin findings of port wine stains?

A

Deep red macules on the face or extremities

44
Q

Where is the port wine stain located with Sturge weber syndrome?

A

CN V1

45
Q

What are cafe au lait spots?

A

Macules or patches with distinct borders that are benign, but if more than 5, consider NF1

46
Q

What are the components of tje CAFE SPOT mnemonic for NF1?

A

Cafe au lait spots
Axillary/inguinal freckling
Fibromas
Eye (lisch nodules)

SPhenoid dysplasia
Optic Tumor

47
Q

How many cafe au lait spots, and how big, is diagnostic for NF1?

A

6+ that are greater than 5 mm in children of 15 mm in adults

48
Q

What are the characteristics of the Ash leaf spots with tuberous sclerosis?

A

2+ macule that ranges from 0.1 to 12 cm in size

49
Q

Cardiac rhabdomyoma is almost pathognomonic for what disease?

A

Tuberous sclerosis

50
Q

What are shagreen patches, and what disease are they found in?

A

Bumpy skin found in tuberous sclerosis

51
Q

What is the inheritance pattern of tuberous sclerosis?

A

AD

52
Q

What type of sunscreen should be used for kids under 6 months?

A

none–keep baby out of sunlight and use caps

53
Q

What type of sunscreen should be used for kids over 6 months?

A

SPF 15 or better

Reapply q2 hours

54
Q

What time of day is the highest chance of sunburn?

A

1000-1600

Specialty Medicine (36 decks)

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