Pediatric lower respiratory conditions Flashcards
(27 cards)
definition: pneumonia
inflammation or infection of the lungs - most specifically the gas exchange units (terminal and respiratory bronchioles, and interstitium)
what type of organism accounts for most of the LRTIs in children under 1 year of age?
virus
what is the most common cause of bacterial pneumonia throughout all of childhood?
strep pneumo
where do most bacterial pneumonias arise?
bacteria colonizing the respiratory tract
what is the most sensitive and specific sign of pneumonia in infants?
tachypnea
if an infant does not have tachypnea, does s/he have pneumonia?
no
what are the clinical findings of pediatric pneumonia?
fever
cough
tachypnea
refusal to eat grunting rales rhonchi decreased breath sounds cyanosis pallor accessory muscle respiration
what is the causative organism of pertussis?
gram negative pleomorphic bordetella pertussis
what are the phases of pertussis?
catarrhal
paroxysmal
convalescent
symptoms: catarrhal phase of pertussis
1-2 weeks
rhinorrhea, conjunctival injection, mild cough, wheezing, low grade fever
symptoms: paroxysmal phase of pertussis
2-4 weeks
coughing increases in frequency and intensity
whoop may be heard
POST TUSSIVE EMESIS
symptoms: convalescent phase of pertussis
1-2 weeks
coughing and vomiting decrease in frequency
cough may continue for weeks
what is the agent of choice for treatment of pertussis?
erythromycin
diagnosis: pertussis (blood work, imaging)
leukocytosis with absolute lymphocytosis during catarrhal and paroxysmal stages
CXR may show perihilar infiltrates, atelectasis or emphysema
febrile seizures in children can be linked to what infection?
influenza
reye syndrome is usually associated with which two viruses?
varicella
infleunza
diagnosis: reye syndrome
hypoglycemia
hyperammonemia
elevated liver enzymes
what is the most common cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in children under 1?
RSV
imaging: RSV
right upper lobe atelectasis
air trapping
increased interstitial markings
symptoms: chlamydia trachomatis
non-wheezing
non-febrile
cough
age 1-3 months
conjunctivitis
pneumonia
under 4 months of age
what should be in the ddx?
chlamydia trachomatis
what is seen on CBC for chlamydia trachomatis?
WBC normal but with peripheral eosinophilia
if there is evidence of chlamydial conjunctivits even without current evidence of pneumonia you would not treat with topical erythromycin but….
oral erythromycin
organism characteristics: strep pneumo
gram positive diplococci
