perception as a source of knowledge

Question 1

give the objection to direct realism from illusion

Answer 1

1. We perceive something to have property F
2. when we perceive something as having porperty F then there there is something that is F
3. In an illsuion the phyisacl object deos not have property F
4. therefore, in illusions what has property F is something mnetal ( sense-data)
5. In illusios we see snes-data not a physiacl object
6. illusiosn can be subjectively indistinguishable from veridical perception
7. therefore we see the same thing, sense-data in both illusions and veridical perception
8. therefore in all cases we see sense-data not teh physiacl object immeditaly
9. tehrefore direct realism is false

Question 2

Give the objection to hallucination to direct realism

Answer 2

1. We perceive something to have property F
2. when we perceive something as having porperty F then there there is something that is F
3. In an hallucinations we perecive an object as having property F but there is nothing wiyth property F because we do not perceive anything at all
4. therefore, in hallucination what has property F is something mnetal ( sense-data)
5. In illusios we see snes-data not a physiacl object
6. illusiosn can be subjectively indistinguishable from veridical perception
7. therefore we see the same thing, sense-data in both illusions and veridical perception
8. therefore in all cases we see sense-data not teh physiacl object immeditaly
9. tehrefore direct realism is false

Question 3

what is the dyjunctive theory of perception

Answer 3

Rejects the all claims of sense data from argument that compare the appearance of teality and the reality. This is because perception and hallucination ( and illusion) are of a compeletly diffrent kind. This si because perception involves contact with reality and in hallucination there is no contact with reality.

Question 4

explain lockes primary and secoundary qualities

Answer 4

argued for by locke
a quality is the power of an object to create an image/idea in the mind.
Primary qualities ar utterly inseparable from the object no matter what changes the action undergoes. The object has these properties in and of itself. these include extension, number and shape.
secondary qualities taht are nothing but a power to produce various sensations to us. This includes colour ans smell.

The object will have primary qualities irrespective if we perceive it or not whereas secondary qualities are only those that an object can have in relation to being perceived.