PERIOD 3

Question 1

French and Indian War

Answer 1

1754-1763
Also known as 7 Years War
caused by English touching French land
Most natives except Iroquois (split) sided w/ French
England wins and kicks France out of North America

Question 2

Pontiac’s Rebellion

Answer 2

in Ohio/Michigan area
natives against British
led to Proclamation Line of of 1763, preventing colonists from going past the Appalachian mountains
this angers colonists since they just fought to get that shit

Question 3

End of salutary neglect

Answer 3

7 Yrs War over, Britain in debt
starts trying to grub money from the colonies
Stamp Act, Townshend Act, Intolerable Acts, etc.

Question 4

Colonial Resistance/Unity

Answer 4

colonists resisted new British influence after salutary neglect
Stamp Act Congress, Committees of Correspondence, First Continental Congress
until 1776, MOST COLONISTS DID NOT WANT SEPARATION

Question 5

Common Sense

Answer 5

Thomas Paine authored this
British control is “against nature” and stupid
helpful in declaration

Question 6

Declaration of Independence

Answer 6

list of complaints against King George III and justification for breaking free
inspired by Enlightenment (John Locke, governed consent, natural rights) and Common Sense by T-Pain

Question 7

Reasons colonists won the war

Answer 7

familiar with the land
good military leadership (G-Wash)
strong beliefs that united people (Declaration)
French aid

Question 8

Articles of Confederation

Answer 8

weak central gov't
no taxation
no executive branch
most power left to states
caused trade issues (different currencies)

Question 9

Northwest Land Ordinance

Answer 9

created process for admitting new states
territory with 60k+ people could become state
slavery banned in northwest territory (FIRST BAN EVER)
east vs west struggle (east = power, west = no power)

Question 10

Shay’s Rebellion

Answer 10

angry about taxes that took away farmers’ land

Question 11

Influence of revolution ideas

Answer 11

French Revolution, Haitian Revolution, Latin American Revolution
Abigail Adams: remember the ladies
constitution writers postponed dealing with slavery

Question 12

Constitution

Answer 12

built on compromise
3/5 compromise, great compromise, slave trade
ratified after federalists promised antifeds a bill of rights would be added

Question 13

Challenges to new government

Answer 13

Spanish controlled Mississippi (Pickney’s Treaty)
Relations w/ Natives not defined in Constitution (land issues)
Washington’s Farewell Address
debates over levels of power

Question 14

Washington’s Farewell Address

Answer 14

isolation from foreign affairs
no political parties
jefferson and hamilton were like “yeah whatever” and formed the republicans and federalists anyways

Question 15

Republican Motherhood

Answer 15

women gained a few rights after war
expected to instill republican virtues into their children and create a good country
improved women’s education

Question 16

Education

Answer 16

public education available
colleges created (Harvard, Yale, etc.)

Question 17

Zengar Case

Answer 17

first demonstration of freedom to criticize government + freedom of press and speech

Question 18

Benjamin West

Answer 18

self-taught painter of historical scenes around and after the time of the American Revolution

Question 19

John Copley

Answer 19

revolutionary painter

Question 20

Ben Franklin

Answer 20

American public official, writer, scientist, and printer. After the success of his Poor Richard’s Almanac he entered politics and played a major part in the American Revolution.
negotiated French support for the colonists, signed the Treaty of Paris (1783), and helped draft the Constitution His numerous scientific and practical innovations include the lightning rod, bifocal spectacles, and a stove

Question 21

Poor Richard’s Alamanac

Answer 21

contained many sayings called from the thinkers of the ages, emphazised such homespun virtues as thrift, industry, morality and common sense. Was well known in Europe and was more widely read in America than anything except the Bible.

Question 22

Jonathan Edwards

Answer 22

the most outstanding preacher of the Great Awakening. He was a New England Congregationalist and preached in Northampton, MA, he attacked the new doctrines of easy salvation for all. He preached the traditional ideas of Puritanism related to sovereignty of God, predestination, and salvation by God’s grace alone. He had vivid descriptions of Hell that terrified listeners.

Question 23

George Whitefield

Answer 23

One of the preachers of the great awakening (key figure of “New Light”); known for his talented voice inflection and ability to bring many a person to their knees.

Question 24

Michel-Guillaume de Crevecoeur

Answer 24

a Frenchman who settled in New York territory in 1759; he wrote a book called Letters of an American Farmer that established a new standard for writing about America “What then is the American? A new man?”

Question 25

Great Awakening

Answer 25

It was a revival of religious importance in the 17th century. It undermined older clergy, created schisms, increased compositeness of churches, and encouraged missionary work, led to the founding new schools. It was first spontaneous movement of the American people (broke sectional boundaries and denominational lines).

Question 26

navigation acts

Answer 26

Laws that governed trade between England and its colonies. Colonists were required to ship certain products exclusively to England. These acts made colonists very angry because they were forbidden from trading with other countries.

Question 27

Albany Plan of Union

Answer 27

first representative meeting in colonies plan for an intercolonial government and taxation of all states for mutual benefit never took effect

Question 28

Boston Massacre

Answer 28

event in Boston where soldiers opened fire on colonists who were antagonizing them crispy attack died :-( Sam Adams got colonists pumped up by calling it a massacre and pushing propaganda

Question 29

Boston Tea Party

Answer 29

colonists dumped tea into the harbor as a radical boycott

Question 30

First Continental Congress

Answer 30

convention in Philly where delegates from everywhere but Georgia went to discuss the unfair treatment from Britain

Question 31

Second Continental Congress

Answer 31

created after battles began; divided about whether or not separation from Britain was necessary

Question 32

Olive Branch Petition

Answer 32

a peace offering sent to King George III in hopes of settling things easily; he thought it was stupid so he ignored it and this made colonists more angry

Question 33

French Alliance

Answer 33

After Battle of Saratoga the French decided to aid America | A year later the Spanish + Dutch joined too

Question 34

Treaty of Paris

Answer 34

ended the Revolutionary War promised Britain would recognize America as a country set up borders at Mississippi allowed fishing in Canada promised America would pay off debts promised to Britain by loyalists

Question 35

Separation of Church and State

Answer 35

after Revolution, only 3 states still payed taxes to the church and freedoms became more open

Question 36

Federalist Papers

Answer 36

papers written to encourage the ratification of the Constitution

Question 37

Federalist

Answer 37

someone in favor of a stronger federal government

Question 38

Antifederalist

Answer 38

someone in favor of a stronger state government

Question 39

Democratic Republican Party

Answer 39

founded by Jefferson and Madison, favored state rights + strict constitution

Question 40

Bill of Rights

Answer 40

written by Madison, first 10 amendments which provide guidelines for given freedoms

Question 41

Strict vs. Loose

Answer 41

strict: constitution must be followed word for word and powers can't be implied loose: constitution can be bent and interpreted differently, allowing for creation of powers

Question 42

Federalist Party

Answer 42

Hamilton and J Adams, favored federal gov't and loose constitution

Question 43

XYZ Affair

Answer 43

A commission had been sent to France in 1797 to discuss the disputes that had arisen out of the U.S.'s refusal to honor the Franco-American Treaty of 1778. President Adams had also criticized the French Revolution, so France began to break off relations with the U.S. Adams sent delegates to meet with French foreign minister Talleyrand in the hopes of working things out. Talleyrand's three agents told the American delegates that they could meet with Talleyrand only in exchange for a very large bribe. The Americans did not pay the bribe, and in 1798 Adams made the incident public, substituting the letters "X, Y and Z" for the names of the three French agents in his report to Congress.

Question 44

Alexander Hamilton

Answer 44

emerged as a major political figure during the debate over the Constitution, as the outspoken leader of the Federalists and one of the authors of the Federalist Papers. Later, as secretary of treasury under Washington, he spearheaded the government's Federalist initiatives, most notably through the creation of the Bank of the United States.

Question 45

Pickney's Treaty

Answer 45

an agreement between the USA and and Spain that changed the borders of Florida to make it easier for American ships to make it to the New Orland Port

Question 46

The Virginia Plan

Answer 46

Edmund Randolph proposed the plan, unsuccessfully proposed at the Constitutional Convention, providing for a legislature of two houses with proportional representation in each house and executive and judicial branches to be chosen by the legislature.

Question 47

The New Jersey Plan

Answer 47

The New Jersey Plan it offered a unicameral Congress with each state having one vote. Congress would sit atop the governmental hierarchy with the most power, like taxing and regulating trade. The executive and judicial branches would be separate from Congress and would not be as powerful. Larger states did not like this plan either, and believed they should receive some acknowledgement of power based on their size. A huge debate erupted that eventually led to an important compromise.

Question 48

The Great Compromise

Answer 48

This compromise was proposed by Roger Sherman, He proposed that the Congress would have two houses. A Senate and a House of Reps. Each state would have equal representation. And they would be based on population.

Question 49

Whiskey Rebellion

Answer 49

In 1794, farmers in Pennsylvania rebelled against Hamilton's excise tax on whiskey, and several federal officers were killed in the riots caused by their attempts to serve arrest warrants on the offenders. In October, 1794, the army, led by Washington, put down the rebellion. The incident showed that the new government under the Constitution could react swiftly and effectively to such a problem, in contrast to the inability of the government under the Articles of Confederation to deal with Shay's Rebellion.

Question 50

3/5 Compromise

Answer 50

It was a compromise between the northern states with the southern ones that decided that although slaves were not citizens, each one would count as 3/5 of a man for representation. It got Southern states to ratify the constitution.

Question 51

Jay Treaty

Answer 51

A treaty which offered little concessions from Britain to the U.S Jay was able to get Britain to say they would evacuate the chain of posts on U.S. soil and pay damages for recent seizures of American ships. This resulted in a vitalization of the Democratic-Republicans and Pinckney's Treaty with the Spanish.

Question 52

Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions; Jay-Gardoqui Treaty

Answer 52

protest to the Alien and Sedition Acts; Virginia resolution said states had the right to intervene in unconstitutional acts in government; Kentucky resolution stated that federal government could not extend powers outside of constitutionally granted powers

Question 53

Declaratory Act

Answer 53

enacted with repeal of stamp act, face-saving measure: asserted parliament could tax /make laws whenever

Question 54

Townshend Acts

Answer 54

new duties for colonial imports of tea, glass, and paper. allowed search of private homes for smuggled goods w/ writ of assistance

Question 55

writ of assistance

Answer 55

general license to search anywhere in opposed to a judge's warrant

Question 56

Committees of Correspondence

Answer 56

practice of regularly exchanging of letters about about suspicious activities, inspired inter-colonial committees later in Virgina.

Question 57

Coercive Acts 1774

Answer 57

Response to radicals in Boston and Mass. | - closed ports, reduced power of Mass. legislature, expanded Quartering Act, allowed royal offcials to slide for crimes.

Question 58

General Thomas Gage

Answer 58

Commander of British troops in Boston

Question 59

Minutemen

Answer 59

Colonial militia

Question 60

Lexington and Concord

Answer 60

- First Fight of American Revolution - Warned by Paul Revere, minutemen were prepared to face the British attack - British lost 250 when they moved on to Concord, which was humiliating to them

Question 61

Mt. Vernon Conference

Answer 61

George Washington hosted this at his home in VA (1785); VA, MD, PA, and DE reps agreed that problems were serious enough with the Articles to prompt further discussions at a later meeting in Annapolis, MD, where the states might be represented

Question 62

Framers of Constitution

Answer 62

George Washington was the chairperson; Ben Franklin was the elder statesman who unified the people; the direct Framers were James Madison (director, "father of the Constitution"), Alexander Hamilton, Gouverneur Morris, and John Dickinson

Question 63

Commercial Compromise

Answer 63

allowed Congress to regulate interstate and foreign commerce, including placing tariffs (taxes) on foreign imports, but it prohibited placing taxes on any exports

Question 64

Electoral College System

Answer 64

delegates assign to each state a number of electors equal to the total of that state's representatives and senators; instituted because the delegates at Philadelphia feared that too much democracy might lead to mob rule

Question 65

Infant industries

Answer 65

Hamilton proposed to protect the young nation's new and developing industries by imposing high tariffs on imported goods

Question 66

National bank

Answer 66

Hamilton proposed to create a national bank for depositing govt funds and for printing banknotes that would provide the basis for a state US currency

Question 67

Tariffs; excise taxes

Answer 67

made raise enough revenue to pay govt debts, Hamilton got Congress to pass these on certain goods (i.e. Whiskey)

Question 68

Proclamation of Neutrality (1793)

Answer 68

Washington believed the young nation was not strong enough to go to war and as a result, he proclaimed neutrality in the French conflict

Question 69

Lexington and Concord

Answer 69

- First Fight of American Revolution - Warned by Paul Revere, minutemen were prepared to face the British attack - British lost 250 when they moved on to Concord, which was humiliating to them

Question 70

Bunker Hill

Answer 70

The giant ass hill we all had to climb up in Boston | 1000 casualties on Americans

Question 71

Tories

Answer 71

British Loyalists that fought with the British troops

Question 72

Tories

Answer 72

British Loyalists that fought with the British troops

Question 73

Structure of Government under Articles

Answer 73

unicameral legislature - each state given one vote - 9/13 needed to pass laws - unanimous for amendment

Question 74

Effects of Independence on Society

Answer 74

- separation of Church and State - more important role for women (molly Pitcher, Abigail Adams) - developed rationalization for necessity of slavery

Question 75

Annapolis Convention

Answer 75

1st meeting: George Washington hosted in his house to decided wtf they were going to do about the problems with the articles - they decided to meet with everyone in Maryland - only 5 states sent delegates to Maryland - Madison and Hamilton were like yo lets move this bitch to Philly. Led to Philadelphia Convention (constitution)

Question 76

Key Issues of Philadelphia Convention

Answer 76

Representation, Slavery, Trade, The Presidency, Ratification

Question 77

Notable fedeealists

Answer 77

George W, Ben Frank, James Madison, Alex Ham

Question 78

Notable antifeds

Answer 78

George mason, Patrick Henry, James Winthrop, John Hancock, George Clinton

Question 79

John Hancock

Answer 79

Used wealth to aid independence | Canadite for 1st presidency