Personality

Question 1

What is the definition personality?

Answer 1

Those relatively stable and enduring aspects of individuals hiccup distinguish them from other people, making them unique, but at the same time permit a comparison between individuals

Question 2

What is nature?

Answer 2

Born that way

Question 3

What is nuture?

Answer 3

Developed through life experience and observing others.

Question 4

Which theories are nature?

Answer 4

Eysenck
Cattell
Type A+B
Sheldon

Question 5

What theory is nuture?

Answer 5

Bandura social learning theory

Question 6

What theories are both nature and nuture?

Answer 6

Lewin
Hollander

Question 7

What is the trait approach to personality?

Answer 7

Are stable, unchanging and enduring, they influence people to behave in a certain way. We are born with certain characteristics which means that we show the same behaviour.

Question 8

What is the equation for trait personality?

Answer 8

B=f(P)

Question 9

What is B=f(P)?

Answer 9

Behaviour is a function of personality

Question 10

What did Eysenck do?

Answer 10

Measured personality using the EPI and two dimensions: extroversion/introversion and stable/neurotic which is link to the ANS

Question 11

According to Eysenck what does it mean to be stable?

Answer 11

The ANS responds slowly to stressful situations and characteristics include even tempered and easy going

Question 12

According to Eysenck what does it mean to be neurotic?

Answer 12

ANS responds rapidly and strongly to stressful situations. Characteristics include restless, anxious and excitable

Question 13

What is the Reticular Activating System?

Answer 13

Part of the central cortex of the brain which helps to maintain optimal levels of arousal

Question 14

What happens to the Reticular Activating System if someone is an extrovert?

Answer 14

The RAS dampens down/inhibits incoming information, leading to under arousal. Extroverts require additional stimulation to maintain optimal levels of brain activity.

Question 15

What happens to the Reticular Activating System if someone is an introverted?

Answer 15

The RAS amplifies incoming information, leading to over arousal. Tended not to need external/additional stimulation or excitement to function optimally.

Question 16

What is Cattells trait theory?

Answer 16

He used a self report questionnaire/ objective psychological inventory which assess overall personality

Question 17

What does it mean if someone is type A personality?

Answer 17

Highly competitive
Desire to succeed
Need to be in control
Prone to stress

Question 18

What does it mean if someone is type B personality?

Answer 18

Non competitive
Lacks desire to succeed
Does not enjoy control
Less prone to stress

Question 19

What was Sheldons theory on personality?

Answer 19

Personality was categorised into 3 personalities based on physical makeup. Created a relationship between build and behaviour

Question 20

What were Sheldons 3 categories?

Answer 20

Ectomorph
Endomorph
Mesomorph

Question 21

What are characteristics of an endomorph ?

Answer 21

Wide hips and narrow shoulder
Quite a lot of fat spread across the body
Socialable
Fun - loving
Relaxed

Question 22

What are characteristics of an ectomorph?

Answer 22

Narrow shoulder and hips
Thin
Very little body fat
Self conscious
Introverted
Anxious

Question 23

What are characteristics of an mesomorph?

Answer 23

Broad shoulders and narrow waist
Muscular body
Very little body fat
Adventurous
Competitive
Extroverted

Question 24

What is the equation for the social learning theory?

Answer 24

B=f(E)

Question 25

What does B=f(E) mean ?

Answer 25

Behaviour is the function of the environment

Question 26

What is the social learning theory?

Answer 26

People's personality and the way that they behave changes according to their environment and the influence of the behaviours of others. It focuses on learning behaviour through observation and not genetic personality traits

Question 27

What does DARMMM stand for?

Answer 27

Demonstration Attention Retention Motor reproduction Motivation Match

Question 28

According to the social learning theory where is behaviour leaned and evolved?

Answer 28

Behaviour is learnt through environmental experiences and it is evolved through modelling and reinforcement

Question 29

What is the evaluation of the social learning theory?

Answer 29

The influence on biological factors is underestimated Reinforces the idea that behaviour can be changed and shaped Can take away responsibility for behaviour Behaviour can develop in absence of a model

Question 30

What is the equation for the interactionists approach?

Answer 30

B=f(PE)

Question 31

What does b=f(PE) mean?

Answer 31

Behaviour is the function of both personality and environment

Question 32

What is the interactionist view on personality?

Answer 32

It is a result of inherited traits and learned experiences.

Question 33

What is Lewin's approach to personality?

Answer 33

Traits are born and adapted and used according to their situation, change in behaviour is due to the behaviour being adapted to suit the environment

Question 34

According to Lewin what happens when the situation is strong?

Answer 34

Environment dictates behaviour - comp

Question 35

According to Lewin what happens when the situation is weak?

Answer 35

Personality traits dictate behaviour - friendly

Question 36

What is Hollanders model of personality?

Answer 36

Our personality was a layered structure

Question 37

What are the 3 layers called?

Answer 37

Psychological core - middle Typical response - 2nd Role related behaviour - outer

Question 38

What is the psychological core?

Answer 38

Fairly permanent, values, what you think

Question 39

What is the typical response?

Answer 39

Typical responses to a situation, generally represents the type of inner core

Question 40

What is the role related behaviour ?

Answer 40

Changeable, dependant on situation, could be different to the core.

Question 41

Evaluation of the interactionist approach ?

Answer 41

Personality is stable but an competition could make it unstable Core values could be hard to alter

Question 42

What are the 5 moods of Morgan's graph (POMS) ?

Answer 42

Tension Depression Anger Vigour Fatigue Confusion

Question 43

What is the credulous approach?

Answer 43

When the link between personality and behaviour is accepted.

Question 44

What is the sceptical approach?

Answer 44

When the link between personality and behaviour is doubted