Social Facilitation Flashcards
(29 cards)
What is the definition of social facilitation?
The influence of the presence of others on performance.
What things can have positive or negative effects on social facilitation?
Ability
Task
Personality
What types of audience did Zajonc find in sport?
Passive - audience, co-actors
Interactive others - competitors, supporters
What did Zajonc say the audience was?
Passive spectators who observed and make no comments but cause pressure. - snooker crowd
What did Zajonc say co-actors were?
People doing the same thing at the same time without competition. - golf driving range
What did Zajonc say competitors were?
Direct competitors - triathlete competitors
What did Zajonc say supporters were?
People who have an influence - coach (gymnastics)
What does social inhibition mean?
The negative effect of presence of others on performance
What is social facilitation?
The positive effect of the presence of others on performance
What effect can being watched have on a cognitive learner?
Increased arousal and increased anxiety, poor execution of the skill — social inhibition
What effect can being watched have on an autonomous learner?
Increased motivation and encouragement, execution of the skills are enhanced —- social facilitation
What effect can being watched have on a simple skill?
The presence of others helps, performance increases — social facilitation
What effect can being watched have on a complex skill?
As these require more information processing, stress due to the presence of others can reduce this, performance decreases — social inhibition
What effect can being watched have on an extrovert?
The presence of others helps, performance increases — social facilitation
What effect can being watched have on an introvert?
Presence of audience leads to increased arousal and anxiety, poor execution of skills, performance decreases — social inhibition
What is the link between social facilitation and drive theory?
In the presence of others arousal goes up, this leads to the likely hood of the dominant response occurring.
If there is social inhibition in a cognitive learner, what happens to the dominant response and performance?
The dominant respite is incorrect and performance decreases.
If there is social facilitation in a autonomous learner, what happens to the dominant response and performance?
The dominant response is correct and performance increases.
What is the evaluation apprehension theory (Cottrell)?
It’s not just the presence of others that created arousal, when those present evaluate the performance. The subsequent rise in arousal levels was said to be the rise in evaluation apprehension.
Who copes with evaluation apprehension and is the least affected?
If the performer is confident they tend to perform well when being evaluated.
If a performer is cognitive they tend to perform poorly as affected by evaluation apprehension
What is Barons distraction conflict theory?
The presence of others demands our attention as well as completing a task, it is this conflict that increases arousal and thus leads to either an improvement or impairment in performance
When does performance increase according to Barons distraction conflict theory?
Autonomous, simple skills, gross skills, extroverts and social facilitation
When does performance decrease according to Barons distraction conflict theory?
Cognitive, complex skills, fine skills, introverts and social inhibition
What is the self presentation theory of social facilitation?
Concerns motivation to behave based on how others evaluate you and their knowledge of your behaviour.
