Pharm: Cholinergics Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Pharm: Cholinergics Deck (12)
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1
Q

Hexamethonium, mecamylamine, trimethaphan

A

Mechanism: competitively inhibit N receptors on autonomic ganglia > block autonomic outflow to sympathetic and parasympathetic NS
Use: hypertensive emergencies
SE: sedation, cycloplegia, hypotension, tachycardia, constipation, urinary retention

2
Q

Pilocarpine, carbachol

A

Mechanism: muscarinic (M1,2,3) agonist applied to the eye, causes contraction of sphincter muscle > opens canal of Schlemm and contraction of ciliary muscle > opens trabecular mesh-work; carbachol is also a N agonist
Use: narrow and wide angle glaucoma
SE: minimal when applied topically to eye

3
Q

Methacholine

A

Mechanism: muscarinic (M1,2,3) agonist; inhaled it causes bronchoconstriction
Use: bronchial challenge for dx of reactive airway disease
SE: contraindicated in severe asthma and COPD, can cause hypotension and bradycardia

4
Q

Bethanechol

A

Mechanism: M2,3 agonist; causes bladder wall contraction and sphincter relaxation > urination; also increases gut motility
Use: neurogenic ileus and urinary retention postpartum or post-op
SE: bradycardia, hypotension, sweating, salivation, diarrhea (does not cross BBB)

5
Q

Atropine

A

Mechanism: M1,2,3 antagonist; blockade of M1 > sedation, psychosis; blockade of M2 > tachycardia; blockade of M3 > decreased GI motility, urinary retention, cycloplegia
Use: antidote to cholinesterase poisoning (insecticide), treats bradycardia in emergency, urinary incontinence, induces mydriasis
SE: hyperthermia, flushing, dry mouth, cycloplegia, psychosis, tachycardia

6
Q

Benztropine

A

Mechanism: M1,2,3 antagonist; inhibits M1 receptors in the striatum > block stimulation of GABA-ergic activity
Use: treats tremor and rigidity in Parkinson’s
SE: dry mouth, irritability and confusion, constipation, urinary retention, hyperthermia, sedation, mydriasis (contraindicated in pts with narrow angle glaucoma)

7
Q

Ipratropium

A

Mechanism: M3 antagonist; inhaled, it causes bronchodilation
Use: COPD, asthma
SE: minimal

8
Q

Oxybutynin, propantheline

A

Mechanism: M1,2,3 antagonist; decreases bladder wall constraction and increases sphincter tone > urinary retention; also reduces sweating
Use: urinary incontinence, hyperhidrosis
SE: sedation, dry mouth, blurred vision, psychosis, tachycardia

9
Q

Neostigmine, physostigmine, pyridostigmine, edrophonium

A

Mechanism: reversibly inhibits acetylcholinesterase > elevates amount of ACh in synapse; physostigmine can cross the BBB, neostigmine cannot
Use: treatment of MG (neostigmine and pyridostigmine), diagnosis of MG (edrophonium), reversal of atropine poisoning, glaucoma (physostigmine)
SE: diarrhea, bronchoconstriction, salivation, flushing, nausea, bradycardia

10
Q

Donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine, tacrine

A

Mechanism: reversibly inhibit AChE > elevate amount of ACh in synapse
Use: Alzheimer’s disease (slows progression)
SE: nausea, hepatotoxicity

11
Q

Echothiophate, isoflurophate

A

Mechanism: inhibit AChE > increased ACh in synpase; cause contraction of ciliary muscle
Use: wide-angle glaucoma (applied topically)
SE: none when applied topically; malathion and parathion are poisons (nerve gas) with similar mechanism

12
Q

Pralidoxime

A

Mechanism: reverses cholinesterase inhibitor binding > permits breakdown of ACh by AChE
Use: organophosphate poisoning, overdose of -stigmine drugs
SE: flushing, tachycardia, dry mouth, blurry vision, sedation