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USMLE > Pharm7 - Pharm7 > Flashcards

Pharm7 - Pharm7 Flashcards

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1
Q

which leukotriene is a neutrophil attractant?

A

LTB4

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2
Q

which LT –> bronchoconstriction

A

LTC4, D4, E4

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3
Q

what reaction does phospholipase A2 catalyze

A

phospholipids –> arachidonic acid

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4
Q

what rxn does COX catalyze?

A

arachidonic acid –> PGG, PGH (endoperoxides)

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5
Q

what rxn does lipoxygenase catalyze?

A

arachidonic acid –> HPETEs (hydroperoxides)

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6
Q

what drug blocks lipoxygenase

A

zileuton

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7
Q

what drug blocks COX

A

NSAIDS acetominophen cox-2 inhibitors

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8
Q

what drugs block the effects of leukotrienes?

A

zafirleukast montelukast

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9
Q

actions of PGE?

A

increased uterine tone decreased bronchial tone decreased vascular tone

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10
Q

examples of nsaids

A

ibuprofen naproxen indomethacin ketorolac

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11
Q

mech of nsaids

A

reversibly inhibits cox 1 and 2, blocking PG synth

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12
Q

uses for nsaids

A

antipyretic analgesic anti-inflammatory

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13
Q

what drug is used to close PDA

A

indomethacin

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14
Q

toxicity of nsaids

A

renal damage aplastic anemia GI distress ulcers

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15
Q

MOA cox2 inhibitors

A

reversibly inhibits cox2, maintaining gastric mucosa (cox2 is found only in inflammatory cels that mediate inflamm and pain)

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16
Q

risks associated with cox 2 inibitors

A

thrombosis less gi risk

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17
Q

MOA actaminophen

A

reversibly inhibits cox (mostly in cns) inactivated peripherally

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18
Q

uses of acetaminophen

A

antipyretic analgesic NOT AN ANTI INFLAMMATORY!!!!!!!

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19
Q

toxicity of acetaminophen how?

A

hepatic necrosis a metabolite of acetaminophen depletes glutathione and forms toxic tissue adducts in liver

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20
Q

how is toxic hepatic damage from acetaminophen treated moa?

A

n-acetylcysteine - it regenerates glutathione

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21
Q

drugs that treat gout

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A

colchicine allopurinol probenecid indomethacin

22
Q

NSAIDS

Study These Flashcards
A

And said: ‘I be napping in Keto’ ibuprofin naproxen indomethacin ketorolac

23
Q

which gout drugs are used to treat chronic gout?

Study These Flashcards
A

allopurinol probenecid

24
Q

which gout drugs are ued to treat acute gout

Study These Flashcards
A

colchicine indomethacin

25
MOA colchicine
depolymerizes MT, impairing WBC chemotaxis and degranuation
26
side effects of colchicine
gi
27
what drug is a good alternative to colchicine?
indomethacin (less toxic, more commonly used)
28
MOA probenecid
inhibits resorption of uric acid
29
MOA allopurinal
inhibits xanthine oxidase, so less formation of uric acid
30
aside from gout, what else can allopurinal be used to treat?
can help with sx of tumor lysis syndrome, seen in lymphoma/leukemia following chemo
31
what is the original source of uric acid
purines from diet and broken down nucleic acids
32
fxn of xanthine oxidase
hypoxanthine --> xanthine --> uric acid (blocked by allopurinol)
33
describe interference of probenecid and penicillin
inhibits secretion of penecillin
34
what promotes tubular secretion of uric acid
diuretics and low dose salicylates
35
MOA etanercept
recombinant form of TNF receptor that binds TNF-alpha
36
uses for etanercept
RA psoriasis ankylosing spondylitis
37
MOA infliximab
TNF-alpha AB
38
uses for infliximab
crohns dz RA ankylosing spondylitis
39
toxicity of infliximab
predisposes to infection (reactivates latent TB)
40
MOA cyclosporine
binds to cyclophilins, blocking differentiation and activiation of t cells by inhibiting calcineruin (prevents the production of IL2 and receptor)
41
fxn of calcineurin
phosphatase that activates IL2
42
use for cyclosporine
suppress organ transplants treats some autoimmune d/o
43
toxicity of cyclosporine
predisp to viral infx and lymphoma NEPHROTOXIC (prevent w mannitol diuresis)
44
MOA tacrolimus
binds FK-binding protein, inhibiting the secretion of IL2 and other cytokines
45
uses of tacrolimus
immunosuppression following organ transplant
46
toxicity of tacrolimus
nephrotoxic peripheral neuropathy HTN pleural effusion hyperglycemia
47
moa azathioprine
interferes with metabolism and synth of nucleic acids toxic to prolif wbc
48
uses of azathioprine
kidney transplant autoimmune d/o glomerulonephritis hemolytic anemia
49
toxicity of azathioprine
bone marrow suppression
50
what is the active metabolite of azathioprine how is it metabolized implication
mercaptopurine xanthine oxidase toxic effects may be increased by allopurinol

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