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USMLE > Pharm6 - Pharm6 > Flashcards

Pharm6 - Pharm6 Flashcards

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1
Q

how is NorE going to affect BP? HR?

A

A>B so…. systolic will increase diastolic will increase HR decreases (reflex brady)

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2
Q

how is epi going to affect BP? HR?

A

nonselective so… systolic will increase being controlled by a1 diastolic will decrease, being controlled by beta HR will increase (b1)

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3
Q

how does isoproterenol affect BP? HR?

A

B1=B2 so… systolic decreases diastolic decreaes HR increases (reflex tachy)

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4
Q

what will happen to BP if you administer an alpha blockade after giving epi?

A

it will decrease and then increase slightly net depressor effect b/c b2 takes over –> vasodilatioN

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5
Q

what will happen to BP if you administer an alpha blockade after giving phenylephrine?

A

A1>a2 there is no depressor effect seen in this situation b/c phenylephrine is a pure alpha agonist

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6
Q

what toxicities are seeen after giving 1st dose of an al blocker?

A

orthostatic hypotension ha dizziness

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7
Q

what toxicities are seen aftter giving phenoxybenzamine

A

orthostatic hypotension reflex tachy

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8
Q

what drugs are used to treat pheo?

A

phenoxybenzamine (irreversible alpha blocker) phentolamine (reversible alpha blocker)

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9
Q

which drugs are 1st generation H1 blockers?

A

diphenhydramine dimenhydrinate chlorpheniramine

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10
Q

which drugs are 2nd generation H1 blockers?

A

loratadin e fexofenadine desloratadine

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11
Q

what are 1st generation H1 blockers used for?

A

allergy motion sickness sleep aid

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12
Q

what are the 2nd gen H1 blockers used for?

A

allergy

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13
Q

toxicity of 1st gen H1 blockers?

A

sedation anti-muscarinic anti-alpha-adrenergic

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14
Q

toxicity of 2nd gen H1 blockers

A

less sedating than 1st generation

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15
Q

what are the different classes of drugs that treat asthma?

A

nonspecific beta agonists b2 agonists methylxanthines muscaranic antagonists cromalyn corticosteroids antileukotrienes

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16
Q

MOA isoproterenol

A

B1=B2 so, innervates bronchial smooth muscle and causes bronchodilation

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17
Q

MOA albuterol

A

B2 agonist, –> bronchodilation

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18
Q

MOA salmeterol

A

b2 agonist –> bronchodilation

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19
Q

when is albuterol used?

A

during acute exacerbation of asthma

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20
Q

when is salmeterol used?

A

for asthma proph

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21
Q

MOA theophylline

A

bronchodilation by inhibiting phosphodiesterase, decreasing cAMP hydrolysis inhibits effects of adenosine on bronchial smooth muscle (prevents bronchoconstriction)

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22
Q

adverse effects of salmeterol

A

tremor and arrhythmia

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23
Q

toxicity of theophylline

A

cardio and neurotoxicity

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24
Q

MOA ipratropium

Study These Flashcards
A

muscarinic antagonist competitively blocks muscarinic receptors, preventing bronchoconstriction

25
MOA cromolyn
prevents release of mediators from mast cells
26
when is cromolyn used
asthma proph, ineffective during acute asthma attack
27
MOA beclomethasone
inhibits synth of all cytokines prevents formation of arachidonic acid by blocking phospholipase A2 inactivates NF-KB (transcription factor for TNF-alpha)
28
when are corticosteroids used in asthma treatment
1st line tx for chronic asthma
29
examples of anti-leukotrienes?
zileuton zafirlukast montelukast
30
MOA zileuton
5-lipoxygenase inhibitor blocks conversion of arachidonic acid to LT
31
MOA zafirlukast?
blocks LT receptors
32
MOA montelukast
blocks LT recpetors
33
when is zafirlukast used
to treat aspirin induced asthma
34
when is montelukast used
to treat aspirin induced asthma
35
which asthma drug blocks a phosphodiesterase what is the net result?
theophylline cAMP levels are raised
36
which asthma drug blocks adenlyate cyclase? what is the net result?
b-agonist cAMP levels are raised
37
which drugs are expectorants?
guaifenesin n-acetylcystine
38
MOA guaifenesin
doesn't suppress cough reflex removes excess sputum
39
MOA n-acetylcystine
mucolytic (loosens plugs in CF pts)
40
MOA finasteride
5-alpha reductase blocker
41
MOA flutamide
competitive inhibitor of androgen at testosterone receptor
42
MOA ketoconazole in reproductive system
blocks 17,20 lyase and 3-beta-hydroxylase, inhibiting steroid synthesis
43
uses of finasteride
BPH male pattern baldness
44
uses of flutamide
prostate cancer
45
uses of ketoconazole
pcos, to prevent hirsutism
46
MOA leuprolide
GnRH analog with agonist properties when used in pulsatile manner antagonist properties when used in continuous fashion
47
uses for leuprolide
infertility (pulsatile) prostate cancer (continuous, used with flutamide) uterine fibroids
48
toxicity of leurpolide
antiandrogen n/v
49
MOA sildenafil
inhibits cGMP phosphodiesterase --> increased cGMP --> maintains smooth muscle relaxation in corpus cavernosum --> increased blood flow and erection
50
clinical use of sildenafil
erectile dysfunction
51
toxicity of sildenafil
blue-green color vision h/a flushing dyspepsia LIFE THREATENING HYPOTENSION IN PTS TAKING NITRATES!!!!!
52
MOA clomiphene
partial estrogen agonist at pituitary gland this stimulates LH and FSH release --> ovulation
53
use of clomiphene
fertility treatment
54
toxicity of clomiphene
hot flashes ovarian enlargement multiple pregnancies visual disturbances
55
MOA mifepristone
competitive inhibitor of progestin at progesterone receptors
56
use of mifepristone
prevents implantation of fetus
57
toxicity of mifepristone
heavy bleeding GI effects abdominal pain
58
risks associated with HRT
endometrial cancer, if regimen is just with estrogen

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