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Anatomy > Pharynx and Larynx > Flashcards

Pharynx and Larynx Flashcards

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1
Q

[Pharynx]

contains the opening of the auditory tube and pharynx

A

nasopharynx

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2
Q

[Pharynx]

contains the palatine and lingual tonsils

A

oropharynx

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3
Q

[Pharynx]

opens into the larynx and esophagus

A

laryngopharynx

also called the hypopharynx

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4
Q

the musculomembranous wall of the pharynx is deficient ___ (anteriorly/posteriorly)

A

anteriorly

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5
Q

What are the openings of the pharynx?

A
  1. Auditory tubes
  2. Two posterior nares
  3. Larynx
  4. Esophagus
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6
Q

What are the “tonsils” present in the pharynx?

A
  1. Pharyngeal
  2. Palatine
  3. Lingual
  4. Tubal
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7
Q

What are the locations of the constrictions of the pharynx?

A
  1. Superior constrictor
  2. Middle constrictor
  3. Inferior constriction
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8
Q

What muscle in the pharynx that act as an inner longitudinal coat of the pharynx?

A

Stylopharyngeus

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9
Q

[Innervation of the pharynx]

the afferent limb of the GAGA reflex comes from what nerve?

A

Glossopharyngeal pharyngeal

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10
Q

[Innervation of the pharynx]

the efferent limb of the gag reflex comes from the ____

A

pharyngeal branch of the vagus nerve

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11
Q

The sensory innervation of the mucosa of the upper pharynx

A

afferent limb, glossopharyngeal nerve

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12
Q

The sensory innervation of the lower pharynx and larynx is the ___

A

vagus nerve

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13
Q

[Innervation of the pharynx]

the efferent limb of the gag reflex is from the

A

pharyngeal branch of the vagus nerve

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14
Q

[Reflexes]

what is the afferent limb of the pupillary light reflex

A

CN 2

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15
Q

[Reflexes]

What is the efferent limb of the pupillary light reflex

A

CN III

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16
Q

[Reflexes]

what is the afferent limb of the corneal reflex?

A

CN 5

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17
Q

[Reflexes]

what is the efferent limb of the corneal reflex

A

CN 7

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18
Q

What nerve may be injured during a palatine tonsillectomy?

A
  1. Glossopharyngeal nerve
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19
Q

____ is a lymphoid tissue that surrounds the opening of the respiratory and digestive systems

A

waldeyer ring of lymphoid tissue

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20
Q

[waldeyer ring of lymphoid tissue]

what lymphoid tissue surrounds the openings of the auditory tube

A

tubal tonsils

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21
Q

[waldeyer ring of lymphoid tissue]

this lymphoid tissue lines the upper midline of the nasopharynx

A

pharyngeal tonsil (adnoid)

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22
Q

[waldeyer ring of lymphoid tissue]

this lymphoid tissue lines the posterior third of the band

A

lingual tonsil

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23
Q

the eustachian tonsil is also called

A

Gerlach’s tonsil

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24
Q

The torus tobarius contains what tonsils

A

Tubal tonsils

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25
the tonsillar ring is also called the
waldeyers
26
[Lymph drainage of pharynx] it drains directly to the ____
deep cervical LN
27
[Lymph drainage of pharynx] it drains indirectly to the
retropharyngeal or paratracheal nodes then into the deep cervical nodes
28
____ is a protective sphincter at the inlet of air passages
Larynx
29
The larynx lies at the level of what cervical vertebra?
C4-6
30
The cartilage that forms the laryngeal prominence is the
thyroid cartilage
31
[Larynx] What are the unpaired cartilages of the larynx?
1. Epiglottis 2. Thyoid 3. Cricoid
32
[Larynx] what are the paired cartilages of the larynx?
1. Arytenoid 2. Corniculate 3. Cuneiform
33
[Larynx: Cartilage] signet ring shaped hyaline cartilage
cricoid
34
[Larynx: Cartilage] leaf shaped elastic cartilage
epiglottis
35
[Larynx: Cartilage] largest
thyroid cartilage
36
[Larynx: Cartilage] pyramid shape located at the back of larynx
arytenoid
37
[Larynx: Cartilage] small rod shaped
cuneiform
38
[Larynx: Cartilage] small conical shape
corniculate
39
[Larynx: Membranes/Ligament] connects the upper margin of the thyroid cartilage to the hyoid bone; pierced by the superior laryngeal vessels and internal laryngeal nerve
thyrohyoid membrane
40
[Larynx: Membranes/Ligament] connects the cricoid to the first ring of trachea
Cricotracheal ligament
41
[Larynx: Membranes/Ligament] extends between the epiglottis and the arytenoid cartilages
quadrangular membrane
42
[Larynx: Membranes/Ligament] forms the interior of the vestibular folds
quadrangular membrane
43
[Larynx: Membranes/Ligament] forms the vocal ligament on each side
cricothyroid ligament
44
[Larynx: Membranes/Ligament] the lower margin is attached to the upper border of the cricoid catilage
cricothyroid ligament
45
The true vocal cord lie superior to the ___
cricoid membrane
46
What are the layers sliced by the scalpel during cricothyroidectomy
1. Skin 2. Superficial fascia 3. Investing layer of the deep cervical fascia 4. Pretracheal fascia 5. Larynx
47
[Laryngeal fold] ___ is mobile, concerned with voice production
vocal fold
48
[Laryngeal fold] ___ fixed, pink in color, vascular, formed by mucous membrane covering the vestibular ligament
vestibular fold
49
[Laryngeal fold] ___ formed by the mucus membrane covering the vocal ligament; avascular, white in color
vocal fold/cord
50
What is the narrowest part of the laryngeal cavity
Rima Glottids
51
Where can you see the rima glottids?
space between the vocal folds and the arytenoid cartilages
52
The right recurrent laryngeal nerve loops around___ prior to ascending
right subclavian
53
the left recurrent laryngeal nerve loops around ___ prior to ascending
arch of the aorta anterior ot the ligamentum arteriosus
54
What are the branches of the superior laryngeal nerve
1. Internal laryngeal nerve | 2. External laryngeal nerve
55
[Branch of the superior laryngeal nerves] What nerve is sensory above the vocal cord area
Internal laryngeal nerve
56
[Branch of the superior laryngeal nerves] what nerve supploes the cricothyoid
External laryngeal nerve
57
What is the sensory innervation below the vocal cord area
Inferior LN or Recurrent laryngeal nerve
58
All muscles of phonation are supplied by the recurrent laryngeal nerve except for this part
cricothyroid
59
What is the chief tensor of the vocal cords?
cricothyroid
60
What muscle widens the rima glottids
1. Posterior cricarytenoid
61
What muscle stretches and tenses voice
Cricothyroid
62
Muscle important to allow air passage through the larynx
posterior arytenoids
63
What cartilage ABducts the vocal cords
posterior cricoarytenoids
64
wha cartilage ADDucts the vocal cords
lateral cricarytenoid
65
What muscle ADducts the arytenoid cartilage/OPENING OF RIMA GLOTTIDS
oblique arytenoid muscle
66
What muscle ADducts the arytenoid cartilage? Closes the RIMA glottids
transverse arytenoid muscle
67
The thyroarytenoid ____ the rima glottids
relaxes
68
What nerve is most associated with the superior thyroid artery?
external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve
69
inability to produce high-pitched sound is due to a damage in what nerve?
External branch of the superior laryngeal nerve
70
The recurrent laryngeal nerve is most associated with what artery
Inferior thyroid artery
71
Damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerve acan lead to ___ change in voice
hoarseness/breathiness
72
monotonous speech is associated with paralysis of what muscle
cricothyroid
73
loss of taste of the epiglottis is due to a damage in what nerve?
internal laryngeal nerve
74
[Unilateral/bilateral RLN damage] voice cords assume a median or paramedian position; doesnt move laterally on deep inspiration
unilateral paralysis
75
The upper half of the larynx is supplied by the superior laryngeal branch. This is a branch of what artery?
Superior thyroid artery
76
The lower half of the larynx is supplied by the inferior laryngeal branch of what arrtery?
inferior thyroid artery
77
The superior laryngeal vein drains to the ____
superior thyroid vein
78
[Lymph drainage of the larynx] above the vocal cords
superior deep cervical nodes
79
[Lymph drainage of the larynx] below the level of vocal cords
paratracheal or pretracheal node

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