Philosophes & Elightenment

Question 1

How did the scientific revolution spread?

Answer 1

• Philosophes began to question the teachings of the church .
• They questioned the relationship between the government and the people, as well as religion, eductaion and economics.
• They wanted a society where individuals had a say in the way the country was ran rather than a King who decided everything.

This was the age of enlightment.

Question 2

What was enlightenment?

Answer 2

People began to question why the church had authority and why kings held all the power without lisening to the views of people. Enlightenment focused on the power of indivuals to solve problems and was popular in the mid 1700s.

Question 3

What were the 2 Views on Goverment

Answer 3

• The old idea: The ruler had total power to keep citizens under control
• Hobbes - this type of Government was an absolute monarchy and could demand Obedience.
• The New Idea - all people are born free, with the natural rights of liberty and property.
• John Locke - belief that a Govt’s power comes from the consent of people - a modern democracy.

Question 4

Who are the main philisophes in enlightenment

Answer 4

Hobbes
Locke
Voltiare
Montesque
Rousseau
Beccaria

Question 5

How did Thomas Hobbes impact Enlightenment

Answer 5

• Absolute monarchy system of government that demanded obedience from all people - was the traditional way of ruling.

Question 6

How did John Locke influence Enlightenment

Answer 6

• His beliefs of freedom and the rights to life and liberty became the fundamentals of the US declaration of independence.
• His was a new way of thinking and that government should rule by popular consent.

Question 7

How did Voltaire influence enlightenment

Answer 7

• Published more than 70 books on poltics and philosophy
• He fought for freedom of religious beliefs, freedom of thought and expression and freedom of speech.
• His fight for freedom of speech and religion inspired the US BIll of Rights
• He also inspired European monarchs to eliminate censorship.

Question 8

Who was Montesquieu

Answer 8

• He believed in the seperation of power and the right of all people to participate in Government - by voting or by holding a political job.
• His ideas became the basis of the consititution in the US.

Question 9

Who was Rousseau

Answer 9

• He was committed to democracy and individual freedom.
• He disagreed with a lot of the ideas of enlightenment such as that art and science would improve people’s lives.
• Instead he thought that civilization ruined people.
• He thought the only good government was one that was freely formed by the people - a direct democracy. Where poeple agreed to give up some of their freedom for the common good.
• He thought that all people are equal and nobles should give up their titles.
• He inspired the French Revolution which overthrew the Monarch in 1789.

Question 10

Who was Beccaria

Answer 10

• He focused on the legal system
• He believed that laws should exist to keep social order.
• He abolished torture
• He thought people should be entitled to speeedy trials.
• He influenced criminal law reform in Europe and North America.