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Phlebotomy 5 Flashcards

1
Q

structural composition of the body

A

anatomy

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2
Q

function of the body

A

physiology

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3
Q

standing erect, feet parallel, arms at the sides, and eyes and palms facing forward

A

anatomic position

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4
Q

lying horizontal on the back with the face up

A

supine

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5
Q

lying face down

A

prone

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6
Q

flat surface resulting from a real/imaginary cut through the body in the normal anatomic position

A

body plane

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7
Q

divides body vertically into front/back portions

A

frontal (coronal) plane

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8
Q

divides body vertically into equal right/left portions

A

midsagittal (medial) plane

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9
Q

divides body vertically into right/left portions

A

sagittal plane

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10
Q

divides body horizontally into upper/lower portions

A

transverse plane

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11
Q

large, hollow spaces housing various organs

A

body cavities

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12
Q

posterior; located in the back

A

dorsal

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13
Q

houses the brain

A

cranial cavity

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14
Q

encases the spinal chord

A

spinal cavity

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15
Q

from the point of attachment

A

distal

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16
Q

the point of attachment

A

proximal

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17
Q

anterior; located in the front

A

ventral

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18
Q

house heart/lungs

A

thoracic cavity

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19
Q

houses stomach, liver, pancreas, gallbladder, spleen, and kidneys

A

abdominal cavity

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20
Q

houses urinary bladder & reproductive organs

A

pelvic cavity

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21
Q

muscle that separates thoracic cavity from abdominal cavity

A

diaphragm

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22
Q

state of equilibrium

A

homeostasis

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23
Q

sum of physiological and chemical reactions necessary to sustain life

A

metabolism

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24
Q

destructive process by which complex substances are broken down into simple substances

A

catabolism

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25
constructive process by which the body converts simple compounds into complex substances needed for cellular activities
anabolism
26
command center of the cell because it contains the chromosomes that govern cell activities
nucleus
27
strands making up chromosomes
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
28
organizational segments of DNA that can reproduce themselves & are basic units of heredity
genes
29
complete set of DNA containing all genes of the 23 pairs of chromosome
genome
30
cell duplicates itself, its DNA, followed by division
mitosis
31
fat tissue
adipose
32
connective tissue
cartilage
33
covering or skin
integument
34
oil/sweat glands
exocrine glands
35
outermost/thinnest layer of skin
epidermis
36
layered
stratified
37
fat, scalelike
squamous
38
no blood; lymph vessels
avascular
39
corium or true skin (inner); made up of elastic & fibrous connective tissue
dermis
40
elevations that give rise to ridges & grooves forming fingerprints
papillae
41
beneath skin; made up of connective & adipose tissue
subcutaneous
42
microscopic
histological
43
production of blood cells; occurs in the bone marrow
hemopoiesis
44
colorless, viscid liquid in the cavity of joints
synovial fluid
45
small sac by joints that is filled with synovial fluid
bursa
46
highly complex cells capable of conducting messages in the form of impulses that enable body to interact with internal/external environment
neurons
47
threadlike fibers of neurons that carry messages to the nerve cell body
dendrites
48
extend out of the neuron and carry messages to next cell
axons
49
3 layers of connective tissue enclosing the brain/spinal cord
meninges
50
spinal tap where HCWs enter cavity and obtain CSF sample
lumbar puncture
51
ductless glands that secrete substances called hormones directly into bloodstream
endocrine glands
52
powerful chemical substances that have profound effect on body processes such as metabolism, growth, development, reproduction, personality, and the ability of the body to react to stress and resist disease
hormones
53
master gland of the endocrine system; secretes hormones that stimulate other glands
pituitary gland
54
hormone that stimulates RBC production when oxygen levels are too low
erythropoietin (EPO)
55
too much secretion
hypersecretion
56
secrete too little
hyposecretion
57
continuous passageway extending from the mouth to the anus through the pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small & large intestines
gastrointestinal (GI) tract
58
wavelike contractions of intestinal muscles that helps move through the system
peristalsis
59
secrete saliva, which moistens food & begins process of starch digestion
salivary glands
60
glycogen storage, protein catabolism, detox harmful substances, and secreting bile for fat digestion
liver
61
secreted by the pancreas; controls blood glucose
insulin
62
secreted by the pancreas; increases sugar level in the blood
glucagon
63
digestive enzyme that breaks down starch
amylase
64
digestive enzyme that breaks down fat
lipase
65
digestive enzyme that breaks down proteins
trypsin
66
sex or germ cells
gametes
67
bean-shaped organs located at the back of the abdominal cavity; maintains water & electrolyte balance and eliminates urea
kidneys
68
transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder
ureters
69
hollow, muscular sac that holds and stores urine
urinary bladder
70
duct through which urine is discharged.
urethra
71
The part of the kidney responsible for filtering and excretion
nephron
72
tiny ball of capillaries in the kidney that filters wastes
glomerulus
73
when a person breathes in air, it travels to the lungs where oxygen enters the bloodstream in the lungs, then carbon dioxide leaves and is breathed out into the air as exhalation
external respiration
74
oxygen leaves bloodstream and moves into cells in the tissues, while carbon dioxide moves out of the cells and enters the bloodstream
internal respiration
75
oxygen bound to hemoglobin
oxyhemoglobin
76
carbon dioxide bound to hemoglobin
carbaminohemoglobin
77
increased carbon dioxide and decreased pH in the blood
acidosis
78
decreased carbon dioxide and increased pH in the blood caused by hyperventilation
alkalosis
79
throat
pharynx
80
voice box
larynx
81
windpipe
trachea
82
the passages that direct air into the lungs
bronchi
83
right with 3 lobes, left with 2 lobes
lungs
84
thin, double-layered membrane encasing the lungs
pleura
85
tiny air sacs in the lungs where exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place
alveoli
86
coating of fluid on alveoli that lowers the surface tension on the walls to stabilize them
surfacant

Phlebotomy (14 decks)

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