Phlebotomy 7

Question 1

substances used to prevent sepsis (presence of microorganisms and their toxic products in the blood stream); ie. 70% isopropyl alcohol (isopropanol), povidone-iodine, benzalkonium chloride, hydrogen peroxide, chlorhexidine gluconate

Answer 1

antiseptics

Question 2

chemical substances or solutions regulated by the EPA that are used to remove or kill microorganisms on surfaces/instruments; ie. 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (bleach) with 1:100 dilution on nonporous surface or 1:10 dilution on large spills

Answer 2

disinfectants

Question 3

chemical that kills and inhibits the growth of living organisms

Answer 3

biocide

Question 4

disposal containers for needles, lancets, and other sharps; contains biohaz symbol, rigidity, puncture resistance, leakproof, and locks

Answer 4

sharps containers

Question 5

the end of a needle that punctures the skin

Answer 5

bevel

Question 6

internal space of the needle

Answer 6

lumen

Question 7

number related to the diameter of the lumen (inverse relationship)

Answer 7

gauge

Question 8

closed system where blood flows through the needle inserted in a vein and directly into the tube without exposure to air or outside contaminants

Answer 8

evacuated tube system (ETS)

Question 9

ETS needles that allow multiple tubes of blood to be collected during a single collection

Answer 9

multisample needles

Question 10

sharp with engineered sharps injury protection

Answer 10

SESIP

Question 11

obtains the blood specimen

Answer 11

evacuated tube

Question 12

substance placed in the tube for preservation

Answer 12

additive

Question 13

sterile syringe needle used in an ETS system

Answer 13

hypodermic needle

Question 14

light blue top

Answer 14

sodium citrate

Question 15

red top

Answer 15

clot activator

Question 16

red/light grey top

Answer 16

none (discard)

Question 17

red/black (tiger) or gold top

Answer 17

clot activator and gel separator

Question 18

green/grey or light green top

Answer 18

lithium heparin and gel separator

Question 19

green top

Answer 19

lithium heparin or sodium heparin

Question 20

lavender top

Answer 20

EDTA

Question 21

grey top

Answer 21

sodium fluoride/potassium oxalate or sodium fluoride/EDTA or sodium fluoride

Question 22

orange top

Answer 22

thrombin

Question 23

grey/yellow top

Answer 23

thrombin

Question 24

royal blue top

Answer 24

none or EDTA or sodium heparin

Question 25

tan top

Answer 25

EDTA

Question 26

yellow top

Answer 26

sodium polyanethol sulfonate or acid citrate dextrose

Question 27

allows safe transfer of blood into tubes without using the syringe needle or removing the stopper

Answer 27

syringe transfer device

Question 28

indispensable tools for collecting blood from small or difficult veins

Answer 28

blood collection sets (infusion sets)

Question 29

butterfly set

Answer 29

winged infusion set

Question 30

substances that prevent blood from clotting by either binding (chelating) or precipitating calcium, or inhibiting the formation of thrombin

Answer 30

anticoagulants

Question 31

removes calcium from the blood by binding it to form an insoluble salt which then becomes unavailable for coagulation

Answer 31

ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)

Question 32

prevents coagulation by binding calcium; used for coagulation tests by preserving coagulation factors; 9:1 ratio

Answer 32

sodium citrate

Question 33

prevents clotting by inhibiting thrombin and factor X

Answer 33

heparin

Question 34

removes calcium and prevents clotting by precipitating calcium in the form of an insoluble salt; usually paired with antiglycolytic agents

Answer 34

potassium oxalate

Question 35

prevents coagulation by binding calcium with little effect on cells and platelets; also acts as RBC nutrient preservative by maintaining RBC viability

Answer 35

acid citrate dextrose (ACD)

Question 36

prevents clotting by binding calcium; stabilizes pH and provides cells with energy

Answer 36

citrate phosphate dextrose (CPD)

Question 37

prevents coagulation by binding calcium; reduces complement by slowing phagocytosis and reducing antibiotic action

Answer 37

sodium polyanethol sulfonate (SPS)

Question 38

prevents glycolysis (breakdown and metabolism of glucose by blood cells)

Answer 38

antiglycolytic agent

Question 39

preserves glucose and inhibits growth of bacteria

Answer 39

sodium fluoride

Question 40

enhances coagulation by silica particles and thrombin

Answer 40

clot activator

Question 41

red top; 15-30 min clot

Answer 41

serum-separator tubes (SSTs)

Question 42

orange thrombin tube; clots in 5 min

Answer 42

rapid serum tube (RST)

Question 43

inert synthetic substance that moves to position in between cells and serum/plasma to form physical barrier

Answer 43

thixotropic gel

Question 44

light green top tubes

Answer 44

plasma separator tubes (PSTs)

Question 45

white/pearl top tubes

Answer 45

plasma-prep tubes (PPTs)

Question 46

royal blue stopper free of trace elements

Answer 46

trace-element tubes

Question 47

order in which tubes are drawn in a multi-tube draw; prevents carryover

Answer 47

order of draw

Question 48

order of draw

Answer 48

blood culture (SPS), light blue, SST, red, green, PST, lavender, grey

Question 49

transfer of additive from one tube to the next

Answer 49

carryover/cross-contamination

Question 50

used to remove tissue fluid from the needle; thrown away; always drawn before coagulation (light blue top) tube

Answer 50

clear/discard tube